Head & Neck

Question 1

Name the bones of the skull

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify the 3 main skull sutures

Answer 2

Question 3

At what age do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close?

Answer 3

Anterior- 9-18 months

Posterior- 1-2 months

Question 4

What are the three levels in the floor of the skull?

Answer 4

Anterior, middle and posterior fossa

Question 5

Identify the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

Answer 5

Question 6

identify the palatine bones

Answer 6

Question 7

Identify the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Answer 7

Question 8

name the structures that pass through foramen magnum

Answer 8

Spinal cord, left & right vertebral artery, spinal arteries, spinal part of accessory nerve

Question 9

Identify all of the following sinuses

Answer 9

Question 10

Name the bones of the inner ear from most superficial to deep

Answer 10

Malleus (in contact with eardrum), incus, stapes (in contact with oval window)

Question 11

What are the inner ear bones collectively known as?

Answer 11

Ear ossicles

Question 12

Describe the sensory innervation of the face

Answer 12

Question 13

Which artery do the superficial temporal artery and the facial artery branch from?

Answer 13

External carotid

Question 13

Which artery do the superficial temporal artery and the facial artery branch from?

Answer 13

External carotid

Question 14

Name the vessels that can result in infection tracking from the scalp into the intracranial space

Answer 14

Emissary veins

Question 15

Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 15

CNVII (facial nerve)

Question 16

Name the muscles of facial expression and their function

Answer 16

Obicularis orbis- Closes mouth and puckers lips
Obicularis oculi- blinking and squinting
Buccinator- Presses cheek against molars & resists distension when blowing out
Platysma- Draws corners of mouth down
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis- retracts scalp
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis- elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

Question 17

Name the functions of the facial nerve

Answer 17

F- facial expression
A- anterior 2/3 of tongue (taste- chords tympani)
S- Salivary gland (splits parotid into deep and superficial lobes)
T- Tears

Question 18

Name the terminal branches of the facial nerve

Answer 18

To- temporal 
Zanzibar- Zygomatic 
By- Buccal 
Motor- Mandibular 
Car- cervical

Question 19

Name the blood vessel which splits within the parotid gland and name its branches

Answer 19

External carotid divides within parotid to give the maxillary and superficial temporal artey

Question 20

Identify the artery

Answer 20

The facial artery

Question 21

Name the Arteries from which the carotid arteries arise

Answer 21

RHS- Carotid arises from brachiocephalic trunk

LHS- Carotid arises from Aortic arch

Question 22

Name the structures contained within the carotid sheath

Answer 22

Common carotid artery, jugular nerve, vagus nerve

Question 23

Which vein drains the face and neck?

Answer 23

External jugular

Question 24

name the parts of the hyoid bone

Answer 24

Question 25

Name the muscles of the neck

Answer 25

Question 26

What are the root values of the cervical plexus?

Answer 26

C1-4

Question 26

What are the root values of the cervical plexus?

Answer 26

C1-4

Question 27

what are the root vales of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 27

C3-5

Question 28

What is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 28

A loop of nerves from C1-3 innervating the neck

Question 29

name the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 29

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 30

Where does the eustation tube open into?

Answer 30

nasopharynx

Question 31

Which bones make up the hard palate/

Answer 31

Palatine bones and maxilla

Question 32

Name the bones that make up the nasal septum

Answer 32

Vomer & perpendicular plate of ethmoid (plus cartilage!)

Question 33

Which bone is the cribiform plate part of?

Answer 33

Ethmoid

Question 34

Which bone are the superior and middle concha/turbinates formed from?

Answer 34

Ethmoid bone

Question 35

Where would the sphenoethmoidal recess be located?

Answer 35

Superior to the superior concha

Question 36

What are the spaces between the concha called?

Answer 36

Meatuses

Question 37

What is the function of the paranasal air sinuses?

Answer 37

Lighten the head, support immunity, humidify air & increase resonance of voice

Question 38

Name the structures which opens into the superior meatus

Answer 38

Posterior ethmoid air cells (anterior and middle open into middle meatus)

Question 39

Which sinus has a "bubbly" appearance?

Answer 39

Ethmoid air cells!

Question 40

Name the structures that open into the middle meatus

Answer 40

Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, anterior & middle ethmoid air cells

Question 41

Name the structure which opens into the inferior meatus

Answer 41

nasolacrimal duct

Question 42

name the structure that opens into the nasopharynx

Answer 42

Eustatian tube

Question 43

What is the function of the eustation tube?

Answer 43

equalize the intratympanic air pressure with the pressure in the external auditory canal. Removes secretion and epithelial debris from the middle ear by ciliary motion and gravity.

Question 44

name the parts of the mandible

Answer 44

Question 45

What type of joint is the temporal-mandibular joint?

Answer 45

Synovial hinge

Question 46

Name the range of movements of the TMJ

Answer 46

Opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion, side to side

Question 47

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 47

V3 (trigeminal V3)

Question 48

Name the muscles of mastication (4)

Answer 48

1. Temporalis 2. Masseter 3. Lateral pterygoid 4. Medial pterygoid

Question 49

name the structure that divides the tongue into the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

Answer 49

vallate line

Question 50

What is the name of the foramen which closes before birth (in most people), sealing off the thyroglossal duct

Answer 50

Foramen caecum

Question 51

What happens if the foramen caecum does not close before birth?

Answer 51

A thyroglossal cyst can form as debris can enter he thyroglossal canal

Question 52

Name the different papillae found on the tongue

Answer 52

1. Filiform (these papillae acts as a covering for the tongue) 2. Fungiform (each papillae contains a small number of taste buds) 3. Circumvalate (each papillae contains hundreds of taste buds)

Question 53

Describe roughly where the different papillae are found

Answer 53

Question 54

What is the function of the lingual tonsil?

Answer 54

Lymphoid tissue- it is involved in immunity

Question 55

Describe the tongue's sensory innervation

Answer 55

Anterior 2/3 = chord tympani (taste) and V3 (general sensation) Posterior 1/3 = Glossopharyngeal (taste and general sensation)

Question 56

Name the nerve which supplies the muscles of the tongue

Answer 56

All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except platoglossas which is innervated by the vagus nerve

Question 57

What is the name of the duct which connects the sublingual salivary gland to the outside world?

Answer 57

Wharton's duct

Question 58

What is the name of the duct that connects the parotid gland to the outside world?

Answer 58

Stensen's duct

Question 59

What is the name of the duct that connects the sublingual gland to the outside world?

Answer 59

ducts of Rivinus and the sublingual duct of Bartholin join into Wharton's duct

Question 60

What separates the superior and deep aspects of the submandibular gland?

Answer 60

The mylohyoid muscle

Question 61

Where does Wharton's duct open into the mouth?

Answer 61

Under the tongue on either side of the frenulum

Question 62

Is the submandibular gland serous, mucous or mixed?

Answer 62

Mixed

Question 63

Is the parotid gland serous, mucous or mixed?

Answer 63

Serous

Question 64

Is the sublingual gland serous, mucous or mixed?

Answer 64

mucous

Question 65

What is the nerve supply of each salivary gland?

Answer 65

Parotid = glossopharyngeal | Sublingual & submandibular = Vagus

Question 66

What structure forms "Adam's apple?"

Answer 66

Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

Question 67

Which nerve supplies the vocal cords?

Answer 67

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 68

Name the collection of lymphoid tissue which protects the entrance to the oropharynx

Answer 68

The pharyngeal lymphoid ring

Question 69

Name the components of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring

Answer 69

Palatine tonsils, tubal tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, lingual tonsils

Question 70

On the image below, identify the palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, palatine tonsil and uvula

Answer 70

Question 71

Identify the anatomy of the larynx on the image below

Answer 71

Question 72

Identify the membranes of the larynx

Answer 72

Question 73

name the different components of the larynx

Answer 73

Question 74

Identify the vocal folds, vestibular folds, epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, vocals muscle hyoid bone and trachea on the image below

Answer 74

Question 75

identify the parts of the eye the arrow are pointing at

Answer 75

Question 76

Name the structure that produces aqueous humour

Answer 76

Ciliary body

Question 77

Name the muscle that controls the eyelid

Answer 77

Levator palpabrae (CNIII)

Question 78

Name the movements facilitated by the superior rectus muscle

Answer 78

Elevtion, adduction & intention

Question 79

Name the movements facilitated by the inferior rectus muscles

Answer 79

Depression, adduction and extortion

Question 80

Name the movements facilitated by the superior oblique muscle

Answer 80

Depression, intuition and abduction

Question 81

Name the movements facilitated by the inferior oblique muscle

Answer 81

Elevation, abduction and extortion

Question 82

Which of the eye muscles is the only one which does NOT arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

Answer 82

Inferior oblique

Question 83

Name the ligament which prevents over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye

Answer 83

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood

Question 84

Explain how the lens is able to change shape

Answer 84

Ciliary muscles contract causing suspensory muscles (which link the ciliary muscle to the lens) to be pulled. This in turn pulls on the lens causing it to flatten

Question 85

What structure controls the diameter of the pupil

Answer 85

The iris (made of smooth muscle)

Question 86

What is the arterial supply of the eye?

Answer 86

The ophthalmic artery

Question 87

Which nerves control the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 87

``` Sensory = Lacrimal nerve (branch of trigeminal) Parasympathetic = Petrosal Nerve (branch of facial) Sympathetic = Nerves from superior cervical ganglion ```

Question 88

Identify the: Helix of auricle, antielix, lobule, antitragus, tragus and external auditory meatus

Answer 88

Question 89

On the eardrum below, identify the posterior malleolar fold, pars tense, handle of malleus & cone of light

Answer 89

Question 90

Name the two muscles involved in the inner ear and state their functions

Answer 90

Tensor Tympani -pulls the malleus away from the tympanic membrane in order to protect the ear from loud noises Stapedius- controls the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear by moving the stapes bone away from the oval window

Question 91

Which bone houses the inner ear

Answer 91

petrous part of temporal bone

Question 92

What is the name of the fluid found within the bony labyrinth?

Answer 92

perilymph

Question 93

What is the name of the fluid found within the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 93

Endolymph

Question 94

What is the embryological origin of the neck?

Answer 94

5 pharyngeal arches

Question 95

What does the face develop from in embryological life?

Answer 95

1x frontonasal proces forms lateral aspect of nose 2x maxillary processes form the cheeks 2x mandibular processes form chin