Renal

Question 1

Draw the anatomical relations of the left and right kidneys

Answer 1

Question 2

What structures are found in the cortex of the kidneys?

Answer 2

Glomerulus and convoluted tubules

Question 3

What structures are found in the medulla of the kidneys?

Answer 3

Loop of henle and collecting duct

Question 4

Describe the structures that urine must pass through in order to drain

Answer 4

Collecting duct ➡️ papillary duct in renal pyramid ➡️ minor calyx ➡️ major calyx ➡️ renal pelvis ➡️ ureter

Question 5

What artery supplies the kidneys?

Answer 5

Renal artery

Question 6

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries leave the abdominal aorta?

Answer 6

L1

Question 7

Which vein drains the kidneys?

Answer 7

Renal vein (drains into IVC)

Question 8

Name the structures in the renal hilum from most anterior to posterior

Answer 8

Vein, artery, ureter

Question 9

Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

Answer 9

Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 10

What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?

Answer 10

Sympathetic nerves T12-L1 and parasympathetic input from vagus nerve

Question 11

What structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 11

Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 12

What is the unrineferous tubule?

Answer 12

The nephron & the collecting duct

Question 13

Where would you find the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 13

Inside the cup of bowmans capsule and is attached to the capillary inside the cup.

Question 14

What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule made from?

Answer 14

Podocytes

Question 15

Where would you find Bowman’s space and what is it’s function?

Answer 15

Between the visceral and parietal layers - it allows filtrate to drain.

Question 16

Where would you find the parietal layer in the kidney corpuscle?

Answer 16

Attached to the outside of the Bowman’s capsule

Question 17

What is the parietal layer made from?

Answer 17

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 18

What is the function of the macula densa?

Answer 18

senses changes in blood pessure and electrolytes and then regulates the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells

Question 19

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 19

RELEASE RENIN

Question 20

What is the function of mesangial cells?

Answer 20

macrophages of the kidney which cn also contract like smooth musle

Question 21

Name the three components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 21

Macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, mesangial cells

Question 22

Name the three narrowing in the ureters where stones can get stuck

Answer 22

Uretopelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where the ureter enters the bladder

Question 23

Name the nerves which supply the ureters

Answer 23

T11-12

Question 24

Where can referred pain from a ureteric calculus be felt?

Answer 24

Back, side, scrotum, labia major, scrotum and anterior thigh

Question 25

What is the arterial supply of the ureters?

Answer 25

Renal arteries, ovarian/testicular arteries & abdominal aorta

Question 26

What is the venous drainage of the ureters?

Answer 26

Renal veins & Ovarian/testicular veins

Question 27

Name the smooth triangle in the bladder wall

Answer 27

Trigone

Question 28

What type of epithelium does the visceral layer of bowman's capsule consist of?

Answer 28

Podocytes

Question 29

What type of epithelium does the parietal layer of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (inc bowman's capsule) consist of?

Answer 29

Simple squamous

Question 30

What type of epithelium does the bladder, ureter and urethra consist of?

Answer 30

Transitional cell epithelia

Question 31

What type of epithelium does the loop of henle consist of?

Answer 31

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 32

What type of epithelium do the convoluted tubules and collecting duct consist of?

Answer 32

Simple cuboidal

Question 33

What is the arterial supply of the bladder?

Answer 33

internal iliac artery

Question 34

What vein drains the bladder?

Answer 34

Internal iliac vein

Question 35

Name the nerve supplies to the bladder

Answer 35

Sympathetic (T11-L2) constrict internal urethral sphincter Parasympathetic (S2-4) motor innervation of detrusor muscle Somatic pudental nerve (supplies external urethral sphincter) Afferent/sensory- pain/distension of the bladder goes via the pelvic and hypogastric (sympathetic) fibres

Question 36

How long is th average male urethra?

Answer 36

18-20cm

Question 37

name the 4 different parts of the male urethra

Answer 37

Pre-prostatic part (intramural) Prostatic part (contains ejaculatory duct made of vas defrens and seminal vesicle) Membranous part Spongy/penile part

Question 38

Name the artery that flops over the top of the renal vein

Answer 38

SMA

Question 39

What is the embryological origin of the kidneys

Answer 39

Intermediate plate mesoderm

Question 40

What is the embryological origin of the collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis and ureter?

Answer 40

Ureteric bud