Renal Flashcards
Draw the anatomical relations of the left and right kidneys
What structures are found in the cortex of the kidneys?
Glomerulus and convoluted tubules
What structures are found in the medulla of the kidneys?
Loop of henle and collecting duct
Describe the structures that urine must pass through in order to drain
Collecting duct ➡️ papillary duct in renal pyramid ➡️ minor calyx ➡️ major calyx ➡️ renal pelvis ➡️ ureter
What artery supplies the kidneys?
Renal artery
At what vertebral level do the renal arteries leave the abdominal aorta?
L1
Which vein drains the kidneys?
Renal vein (drains into IVC)
Name the structures in the renal hilum from most anterior to posterior
Vein, artery, ureter
Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?
Sympathetic nerves T12-L1 and parasympathetic input from vagus nerve
What structures make up the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
What is the unrineferous tubule?
The nephron & the collecting duct
Where would you find the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?
Inside the cup of bowmans capsule and is attached to the capillary inside the cup.
What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule made from?
Podocytes
Where would you find Bowman’s space and what is it’s function?
Between the visceral and parietal layers - it allows filtrate to drain.
Where would you find the parietal layer in the kidney corpuscle?
Attached to the outside of the Bowman’s capsule
What is the parietal layer made from?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is the function of the macula densa?
senses changes in blood pessure and electrolytes and then regulates the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?
RELEASE RENIN
What is the function of mesangial cells?
macrophages of the kidney which cn also contract like smooth musle
Name the three components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
Macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, mesangial cells
Name the three narrowing in the ureters where stones can get stuck
Uretopelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where the ureter enters the bladder
Name the nerves which supply the ureters
T11-12
Where can referred pain from a ureteric calculus be felt?
Back, side, scrotum, labia major, scrotum and anterior thigh
What is the arterial supply of the ureters?
Renal arteries, ovarian/testicular arteries & abdominal aorta
What is the venous drainage of the ureters?
Renal veins & Ovarian/testicular veins
Name the smooth triangle in the bladder wall
Trigone
What type of epithelium does the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule consist of?
Podocytes
What type of epithelium does the parietal layer of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (inc bowman’s capsule) consist of?
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium does the bladder, ureter and urethra consist of?
Transitional cell epithelia
What type of epithelium does the loop of henle consist of?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium do the convoluted tubules and collecting duct consist of?
Simple cuboidal
What is the arterial supply of the bladder?
internal iliac artery
What vein drains the bladder?
Internal iliac vein
Name the nerve supplies to the bladder
Sympathetic (T11-L2) constrict internal urethral sphincter
Parasympathetic (S2-4) motor innervation of detrusor muscle
Somatic pudental nerve (supplies external urethral sphincter)
Afferent/sensory- pain/distension of the bladder goes via the pelvic and hypogastric (sympathetic) fibres
How long is th average male urethra?
18-20cm
name the 4 different parts of the male urethra
Pre-prostatic part (intramural)
Prostatic part (contains ejaculatory duct made of vas defrens and seminal vesicle)
Membranous part
Spongy/penile part
Name the artery that flops over the top of the renal vein
SMA
What is the embryological origin of the kidneys
Intermediate plate mesoderm
What is the embryological origin of the collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis and ureter?
Ureteric bud
