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Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) > MSK Upper Limb > Flashcards

MSK Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 muscles make up the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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2
Q

Which 3 muscles make up the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis, theres major and latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

What structures form the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall and serrates anterior

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4
Q

Name the structure that forms the lateral wall of the axilla

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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5
Q

The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?

A

Subclavian artery

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6
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Lateral border of the first rib

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7
Q

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

A

Brachial artery

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8
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Posterior border of teres major

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9
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

The VENTRAL rami of C5-T1

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10
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 & 6

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11
Q

Which root of the brachial plexus form the middle trunk?

A

C7

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12
Q

Which roots of the brachial plexus form the lower trunk?

A

C8 & T1

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13
Q

Describe the different parts that the brachial plexus is split into

A

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, cords, terminal branches

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14
Q

Which artery are the trunk divisions of the brachial plexus named in relation to?

A

axillary artery in the axilla.

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15
Q

An injury to which trunk of the brachial plexus results in Erb’s palsy?

A

Upper

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16
Q

An injury to which trunk of the brachial plexus results in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Lower

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17
Q

Which side of the arm are the cephalic and basilic veins?

A

Cephalic is thumb side (thumb and index finger can make a C for Cephalic). Basilic is pinky side

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18
Q

Blood shunts between which vessels in the cubital fossa

A

From cephalic to basilic

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19
Q

Which vein arises from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic

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20
Q

Which vein arises from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

basilic

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21
Q

What is the name of the vein which shunts blood between the cephalic and basilic veins?

A

Median cubital vein

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22
Q

Which dermatome supplies both sides of the thumb?

A

C6

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23
Q

Which dermatome supplies the first two fingers and the corresponding section of the arm?

A

C7

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24
Q

Which dermatome supplies the last two fingers (ring & pinky) and the corresponding section of the arm?

A

C8

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25
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drains the little finger?

A

Anterior/pectoral group

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26
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drains the breast?

A

Lateral aspect = Anterior/pectoral group

Medial aspect= posterior/subscapular group

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27
Q

Name the different parts of the scapula

A
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28
Q

Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks (fractures) during a fall?

A

The middle 1/3rd of the clavicle

It is the thinnest region and lacks muscular support

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

What type of synovial joint are the acromioclavicular (AC) and sternoclavicular (SC) joints?

A

AC joint plane synovial

SC joint saddle synovial

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31
Q

Name the muscles which elevate the scapula

A

Trapezius, elevator scapulae

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32
Q

Name the muscle which depresses the scapula

A

Pectoralis minor

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33
Q

Name the muscle which protracts the scapula

A

Serrates anterior

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34
Q

Name the muscles that retract the scapula

A

Trapezius (middle fibres) and Rhomboids

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35
Q

Name the muscle responsible for shoulder shrugging

A

Trapezius

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36
Q

name the muscles responsible for medial (downward) rotation of scapula

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
Pectorals major

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37
Q

Name the muscles

A
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38
Q

What is the name of the rim of cartilage surrounding the glenoid cavity?

A

Glenoid labrum

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39
Q

What kind of cartilage is the labrum made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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40
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum

A

Stabilisation of the shoulder joint by increasing the depth of the fossa

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41
Q

Name the ligaments of the shoulder joint

A
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42
Q

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest, as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

A

Inferior/posterior region by the triceps head

43
Q

What is the most common direction of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

44
Q

Which bursa communicates with the glenohumeral joint cavity?

A

The subscapular bursa

45
Q

What is the role of subacromial bursa?

A

Serves as a gliding mechanism between the rotator cuff and the coracoacromial arch

46
Q

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles as shown below

A
47
Q

What movement does supraspinatous allow?

A

Initiates abduction

48
Q

What movement does infraspinatus allow?

A

Lateral rotation

49
Q

Which movement does subscapularis allow?

A

Medial rotation and adduction

50
Q

Which movement does teres minor allow?

A

Lateral rotation and adduction

51
Q

What movements does deltoid allow?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder joint
Middle fibres abduction the arm at the shoulder joint
Posterior fibres lateral rotation and extension at the shoulder joint

52
Q

Which nerve supplies deltoid?

A

Axillary

53
Q

Where would you test for axillary nerve damage>

A

Regimental badge area

54
Q

Where does pectorals major originate and attach?

A

intertubercular lip of bicipital groove of humerus

55
Q

What is the function of pectorals minor?

A

Pulls scapula against ribcage

56
Q

what is the function of serrates anterior?

A

Protraction of scapula

57
Q

Which nerve is damaged in somebody with a winged scapula?

A

Long thoracic

58
Q

name the muscles labelled 1-4

A
59
Q

Name the function of trapezius

A

Superior fibres of trapezius elevation the scapula
Middle fibres of trapezius retract the scapula (move it back on the thorax)
Inferior fibres of trapezius pull down the scapula

60
Q

Which nerve supplies trapezius?

A

Accessory

61
Q

Which skull foramen does the accessory nerve leave the skull?

A

Jugular

62
Q

Which muscles flex the shoulder? (3)

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. anterior fibres of deltoid
  3. coracobrachialis
63
Q

Which muscles extend the shoulder? (3)

A
  1. posterior fibres of deltoid
  2. lattisimus dorsi
  3. teres major
64
Q

Which muscles adduct the shoulder? (4)

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. teres major
  4. coracobrachialis
65
Q

Which muscles abduct the shoulder?

A
  1. Trapezius

2. Supraspinatus

66
Q

Which muscles cause medial/internal rotation of the shoulder? (5)

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Pectoralis major
  4. Teres major
  5. Anterior deltoid fibres
67
Q

Which muscles cause lateral/external rotation of the shoulder?

A
  1. teres minor
  2. infraspinatus
  3. posterior fibres of deltoid
68
Q

Name the features

A
69
Q

Name the muscles labelled 1-4

A
70
Q

Nae the origins and attachment of biceps brachii

A

long head- supraglenoid tuberosity of scapula
Short head- Coracoid process of scapula
inserts- radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

71
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flexes the shoulder and the elbow

Supinates forearm

72
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of coracobrachialis?

A

Origin- coracoid process of scapula

Insertion - anterior distal humeral shaft

73
Q

What is the function of coracobrachialis?

A

Flex the arm at the shoulder

74
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

75
Q

Which muscle does the musculocutaneous nerve perforate as it enters the arm?

A

Coracobrachialis

76
Q

Which muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve run between as it travels down the arm?

A

Biceps brachii and brachial

77
Q

What arteries does the brachial artery divide to give?

A

Brachial divides into radial and ulnar

78
Q

What is the name of the deep branch of the brachial artery?

A

Profunda brachii

79
Q

Which muscle does the profound brachii pass deep to and which nerve does it run alongside?

A

Passess deep to triceps along with the radial nerve

80
Q

Which muscles in the forearm are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

81
Q

name the origins and attachments of triceps

A

Long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial and lateral heads- humerus
common tendon inserts into olecranon process

82
Q

What is the action of the triceps and anconeus muscle?

A

Extension of the elbow

83
Q

What is the nerve supply to triceps and anconeus?

A

Radial nerve

84
Q

Where does the radial nerve enter the arm?

A

Anterior to the medial head of triceps

85
Q

which artery does the radial nerve run with?

A

deep brachial artery

86
Q

Which feature of the humerus does the radius travel within?

A

The radial groove

87
Q

between which structures does the radial nerve emerge from the distal arm?

A

Between the lateral and medial heads of triceps

88
Q

What is the characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury?

A

wrist drop

89
Q

Which nerve is likely to be injured if there is a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

axillary

90
Q

Which nerve is likely to be injured if there is a fracture to the medial epicondyl?

A

ulnar nerve

91
Q

Which nerve is likely to be injured if there is a fracture to the spiral groove of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

92
Q

Name the structures of the cubital fossa

A
93
Q

Which vein lies anterior to the roof of the antecubital fossa?

A

Median cubital vein

94
Q

At what level does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar artery?

A

The neck of the radius

95
Q

Which ligament holds the ulnar in place?

A

The medial/ulnar collateral ligament

96
Q

Which ligament holds the head of the radius?

A

The lateral/radial collateral ligament

97
Q

Name the ligament that traverses the elbow joint

A

Annular ligament

98
Q

Name the muscles that flex the elbow joint (3)

A

biceps brachii, brachioradialis and brachialis

99
Q

Which muscles cause extension of the elbow joint

A

triceps brachii and anconeus

100
Q

which side of the elbow is upset in tennis elbow?

A

Lateral (tennis elbow = lateral bursitis)

101
Q

which side of the elbow is upset in golfers elbow?

A

Medial (golfer’s elbow = medial epicondylitis)

102
Q

What type of joints are the radioulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot

103
Q

Which 2 muscles cause supination of the forearm?

A

Supinator and biceps brachii

104
Q

Which 2 muscles cause pronation of the forearm?

A

Pronator quadrates and pronator teres

Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) (16 decks)

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