Resistance & Immunity 2 Flashcards
what is immunization?
the process by which resistance to a disease can be induced or augmented
what are the 2 different ways of immunization?
1) Induced
2) Augmented
what is induced immunization?
stimulating immunity of the body to a specific disease it has not yet encountered so preventing infection
AKA giving someone a vaccine
what is augmented immunization?
supplementing / boosting the bodies own response to a particular disease
AKA throug injection of specific antibodies
what are the three different types of vaccinations can we do for active immunization?
1) Injection of dead organisms
2) Injection of modified toxins (toxoids)
3) injection of life attenuated organisms
what type of passive immunization can you inject?
injections of antibodies
what are conditions that may result due to a compromised immune system?
1) immunological tolerance
2) Autoimmune Diseases: failure of the immunological tolerance
3) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
what is immunological tolerance?
The immune cells do not react to and attack the body`s own proteins and tissues
does not differentiate between self vs non-self
what is autoimmune disease?
failure of the immunological tolerance
more common in females
Activation of cytotoxic T cells
Production of autoantibodies
what is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome?
The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infects and kills helper T cells
treatment: Antiretroviral therapy
what are the 4 major blood groups in human?
1) A
2) B
3) AB
4) O
how is a particular blood type determined?
by the presence of specific proteins (& attached carbohydrates)
where are the specific proteins (& attached carbohydrates) found in the body and what are they called?
1) attached to the RBC membranes (antigens)
2) in the plasma (antibodies/agglutinins)
what are the specific types of proteins on the RBC membrane for type A blood?
A antigens
what are the specific types of proteins on the RBC membrane for type B blood?
B Antigens