Nutrition

Question 1

what is metabolism?

Answer 1

the sum of chemical reaction that occur within each cell of a living organism

provides energy

synthesizes new organic material

Question 2

what are the 2 types of metabolism?

Answer 2

anabolism

smaller molecules to larger molecules

catabolism

needs energy

larger molecules to smaller molecules

Question 3

how is homeostasis maintained with nutrition?

Answer 3

matching energy intake against exergy expenditure

Question 4

what are the 6 essential nutritional factors?

Answer 4

1) water
2) protein
3) carbohydrates
4) fats
5) vitamins
6) minerals

Question 5

what is a calorie?

Answer 5

a unit of measurement for energy that is produced in your body when eating/drinking

AKA energy that fuels our body

Question 6

what is a small calorie?

Answer 6

the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree

symbol = cal

1 gram = 1 cal

Question 7

what is a large calorie/ kilocalorie?

Answer 7

the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

1 gram of water = 1Kcal / 1000 small cals

symbol: Kcal / Cal

Question 8

how is energy stored in the human body?

Answer 8

glycogen (4.2 Kcal/g) - 1% = 1 day value in starvation

Lipids (9.5 Cal/g) – 77% (2 months value, depending)

Proteins (4.3 Cal/g) – 22% (extensive catabolism is fatal, not going to survive)

Question 9

what is the body’s main source of energy and an example?

Answer 9

carbohydrates

ex: bread, fruit, pasta

Question 10

what are the 2 types fo carbohydrates?

Answer 10

1) simple - sweet (honey, sugar)

quick energy

2) complex - savoury (bread, pasta, oatmeal)

long lasting energy

Question 11

what is fibre?

Answer 11

the plant material that doesn’t break down when you digest food

Question 12

what are some food sources and functions for fibre?

Answer 12

oatmeal, whole grains, legumes

functions:

Aids in digestion

May reduce the risk of developing some diseases

Question 13

what are The most concentrated form of food energy (calories) and what are some food sources?

Answer 13

fats

butter, cheese, milk

Question 14

what are the functions of fats?

Answer 14

Required to carry “fat-soluble” vitamins throughout the body

Provide substances needed for growth and healthy skin

Question 15

what are some food sources and functiond of protein?

Answer 15

meat, eggs, legumes

functions:

Help to build, maintain, and repair body tissues

20 amino acids

Question 16

what can provide all 8 essential amino acids?

Answer 16

corn and beans together

Question 17

what are the functions of water?

Answer 17

carries nutrients to all the cells

Regulates body temperature

Dissolves vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other nutrients

lubricates joints

60% by volume of the food we eat

Question 18

what is the importance of vitamins?

Answer 18

necessary for normal enzyme activity

helps aid to fit the enzymes in perfectly with the active site (coenzyme factor)

Question 19

what are the differences of macronutrients vs micronutrients?

Answer 19

macronutrients:

water

carbs

protein

fats

need larger amounts

micronutrients:

vitamins

minerals

need smaller amounts

Question 20

what are vitamins?

Answer 20

organic substances that are essential for the proper functioning of the body

Question 21

what doea RDA stand for ?

Answer 21

recommended dietary allowance

the minimum quantity of a recommended food item that should be ingested on a daily basis to maintain health

varies person to person

Question 22

what are the 2 classifications of vitamins?

Answer 22

water soluble

fat soluble

Question 23

what comprises of the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 23

B vitamin complex

Vitamin C

not stored

Question 24

what comprises of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 24

vitamin A, D, E and K

stored in liver if excess

Question 25

what are the functions, source, and deficiency of vitamin A?

Answer 25

function:

maintains general health of epithelial cells

helps with photoreceptor pigments

Source:

yellow/ green vegetables

Deficiency:

night blindness due to no vitamin A for rods

Question 26

what are the functions, source, and deficiency for Vitamin d?

Answer 26

function:

calcium absorption

bone, tooth development

source:

UV irradation of skin, fortified milk

deficiency:

rickets (improper bone formation) in children

demineralization of bones/teeth

Question 27

what are the functions and deficiency for vitamin A?

Answer 27

function:

protect cell membranes

deficiency:

anemia

Question 28

what are the functions and deficiency for vitamin K?

Answer 28

function:

blood clotting

deficiency:

easy bruising

delayed clotting times

Question 29

what are the functions, source, and deficiency of vitamin c?

Answer 29

function:

formation of connective tissues

source:

citrus fruits

deficiency:

scurvy (gums bleed/ gets loose)

pirates have them

Question 30

what are the functions and deficiency for vitamin B group?

Answer 30

function:

acts as a coenzyme

source:

meat, cereal, vegetables

deficiency:

B12 - not found in veggies, needed for absorption

Riboflavin (lack of B2)

Question 31

what are the 7 macrominerals?

Answer 31

1) calcium
2) phosphorus
3) magnesium
4) sodium
5) potassium
6) chloride
7) sulfur

Question 32

what are macrominerals?

Answer 32

minerals in the body needed in larger amounts

> 200mg needed

Question 33

what are the functions of sodium and where is it generally located?

Answer 33

location: outside the cell

functions:

maintain right fluid balance

nerve impulses

contraction/relaxtion in muscles

Question 34

what is food source, deficiency and functions of calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 34

food source: dairy products

functions:

helps build and maintain bones and teeth

helps heart, muscles, and nerves work properly

deficiency:

osteoporosis

Question 35

what is a food source, locaton, and function of chlorine?

Answer 35

food source: table salt

function:

acid base and water balance

stomach HCI production

location:

outside of cell (negative charged ion)