Research Methods : Correlations Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a correlational study?

A

They investigate whether there’s a relationship/ association between two variables (co-variables)

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2
Q

Correlational study ads

A

• used when it’s impractical/ unethical to manipulate variables
quick + easy as can use secondary data
• no manipulation of behaviour (high ecological validity)
• useful as preliminary research

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3
Q

Correlation study disads

A

correlation doesnt equal causation
• no cause and effect relationships can be made
• may be a third intervening variable
• can’t establish which direction the relationship is

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4
Q

How do they differ from experimental methods?

A

With experiments, researcher controls/ manipulates IV to measure effect on DV so can be established. With correlation research, there’s no manipulation of one variable so causality can’t be established.

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5
Q

How do you write hypotheses for correlational research?

A

You state whether there is going to be a relationship or association between x and y

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6
Q

Types of correlation hypothesis

A

Null = no correlation
Non-directional = there will be a relationship ship/ association
Directional = state whether its positive or negative

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7
Q

How can researcher collect the data for co-variables?

A

Secondary data = from another source
Observational data = from experiment
Questionnaires = from questionnaires and interviews
Brain scanning technology = from brain technology to see activation of specific areas of the brain

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8
Q

What type of graph is used to plot the data?

A

Scatter graphs. The scatter dots indicate the degree of correlation between co-variables - this is a correlation co-efficient/ Pearson’s r

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9
Q

What’s a positive correlation?

A

As one co-variable increases or decreases, so does the other
(1.0 = perfect positive, 0.8 = strong positive, 0.3 = weak positive)

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10
Q

What’s a negative correlation?

A

As one co-variable increases, the other decreases
(-0.3 = weak negative, -0.8 = strong negative, -1.0 perfect negative)

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11
Q

What’s a zero correlation?

A

There is no relationship between variables

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12
Q

What’s a curvilinear relationship?

A

As one variable increases, so does the other but only up to a certain point, then as one variable continues to increase, the other decreases

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