research issues

Question 1

extraneous variables

Answer 1

Nuisance’ variables that do not vary systematically with the IV and can often be controlled before the experiment begins

Question 2

confoundning variables

Answer 2

Variables that do vary systematically with the IV so we cannot be sure what caused the change in the DV.

Question 3

demand characteristics

Answer 3

Participants interpret cues from the experimenter and research situation. They may change their behaviour as a result.

Question 4

investigator effects

Answer 4

Unwanted influence of the investigator on the research outcome

Question 5

randomisation

Answer 5

The use of chance to reduce the effects of the researcher’s unconscious biases when designing an investigation.

Question 6

standardisation

Answer 6

Making sure that all participants are subject to the same instructions and experience.