Reproductive system Flashcards
Once the egg has been fertilised, what is it known as?
Zygote
What is the zygote known as after each cell has split?
Blastomere
What are the 32 blastomere cells called?
Morula
What type of junctions are between blastomeres in the morula?
Tight
What is the name of the protective membrane around the zygotes cell membrane?
Zona pellucida
What do the blastomeres differentiate into; name the inner and outer cells.
inner; embryoblasts
outer; trophoblasts
Name of cavity formed by movement of embryoblasts to one side of the morula
Blastoceal
Name of cell after blastoceal created
Blastocyst
What cells do the embryoblasts differentiate into after hatching?
- hypoblasts
2. epiblasts
what cells line the amniotic cavity?
amniocytes
Name the three germ layers
- Ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
what disk is formed from the epiblasts and hypoblasts?
Bilaminar disk
What do epiblasts migrate through?
Primitive groove
what 2 germ layers are formed by migrating epiblasts?
- endoderm
2. mesoderm
Further differentiation in the mesoderm forms what structure?
notochord
what is the purpose of gastrulation?
to form 3 germ cell layers
What is neuralation?
formation of neural tube
what germ cell layer forms the neural tube?
ectoderm
what cells arise when as the neural tube breaks off?
neural crest cells
Name of disorder when tube fusion doesnt occur?
spina bifida anencephaly
3 layers of uterus wall
outer; perimetrium
middle; myometrium
inner; endometrium
which uterus wall layer sheds during menses?
endometrium
uterine ligament that connects the cervix and ischial spine
cardinal
what 2 areas are connnected by the uterosacral ligament F?
cervix and sacrum
what covering is the broad ligament composed of?
mesentery
which mesentary covers the uterine tubes?
mesosalpinx
what is version?
Angle between cervix and vagina
what is flexion?
Angle between cervix and uterus
bendiness of uterus is..
Flexion
what is uterine prolapse
weakening of the pelvic floor ligament due to childbirth
What artery supplies fibroids in the uterus?
Uterine artery
what is a hysterectomy?
removal of uterus
issue with uterine artery embolism
the particles injected can block the ovaries, causing infertility
section of uterine tube attaching to the uterus body
isthmus
body of uterine tube
ampulla
area of fimbraie in uterine tubes
infundibulum
what is sometimes damaged in hysterectomies
ureter
embryological remnant in the uterus
round ligament
what does the round ligament connect?
ovary to the labium majora
name for superior section of round ligament
ovarian ligament
what ligament maintains anteversion in pregnancy
round ligament
What type of gland is the ovary?
endocrine
in which nerve can tumours and cysts grow due to compression?
Obturator nerve
where does the ovarian artery arise from?
aorta
where does the ovarian artery branch?
ampulla
what does the ovarian artery branch into?
- tubul branch
- ovarian branch
what do the branches anastomise with?
uterine artery
which artery does the uterine artery join?
internal iliac artery
flow of tubes male reproductive organs
Testes Perineum Abdomen Pelvic cavity Perineum
3 external genitalia
urethra
scrotum
penis
where in the testes is sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
how does sperm reach the epididymis from the rete testes channels?
efferent ductule
from where does sperm enter the inguinal canal?
vas deferens
where is the male ampulla?
on the vas deferens
where does the sperm travel after the ejaculatory duct?
prostatic urethra
what is removed in a vasectomy?
small peice of vas deferens
in a vestectomy, where does unexpelled sperm degenerate?
epididymis
what do the male seminal vesicles secrete?
alkaline fructose
what does the prostate gland secrete?
PSA - prostate serum antigen - milky fluid
what can an enlarged prostate enpinge on?
bladder and urethra
what does an enlarged prostate develop into?
LUTS - lower urinary tract symptoms
2 LUTS
increased frequency and urgency
what procedure can be done to remove prostate tissue
TURP - transurethral resection of prostate
stage 3 of prostate cancer
spread to wall of bladder and seminal vesicles
stage 4 prostate cancer
spread to walls of rectum and lymph nodes
which glands secrete pre-ejaculate?
bulbourethral glands
