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IMS > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Once the egg has been fertilised, what is it known as?

A

Zygote

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2
Q

What is the zygote known as after each cell has split?

A

Blastomere

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3
Q

What are the 32 blastomere cells called?

A

Morula

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4
Q

What type of junctions are between blastomeres in the morula?

A

Tight

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5
Q

What is the name of the protective membrane around the zygotes cell membrane?

A

Zona pellucida

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6
Q

What do the blastomeres differentiate into; name the inner and outer cells.

A

inner; embryoblasts

outer; trophoblasts

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7
Q

Name of cavity formed by movement of embryoblasts to one side of the morula

A

Blastoceal

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8
Q

Name of cell after blastoceal created

A

Blastocyst

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9
Q

What cells do the embryoblasts differentiate into after hatching?

A
  1. hypoblasts

2. epiblasts

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10
Q

what cells line the amniotic cavity?

A

amniocytes

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11
Q

Name the three germ layers

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
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12
Q

what disk is formed from the epiblasts and hypoblasts?

A

Bilaminar disk

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13
Q

What do epiblasts migrate through?

A

Primitive groove

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14
Q

what 2 germ layers are formed by migrating epiblasts?

A
  1. endoderm

2. mesoderm

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15
Q

Further differentiation in the mesoderm forms what structure?

A

notochord

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16
Q

what is the purpose of gastrulation?

A

to form 3 germ cell layers

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17
Q

What is neuralation?

A

formation of neural tube

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18
Q

what germ cell layer forms the neural tube?

A

ectoderm

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19
Q

what cells arise when as the neural tube breaks off?

A

neural crest cells

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20
Q

Name of disorder when tube fusion doesnt occur?

A

spina bifida anencephaly

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21
Q

3 layers of uterus wall

A

outer; perimetrium
middle; myometrium
inner; endometrium

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22
Q

which uterus wall layer sheds during menses?

A

endometrium

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23
Q

uterine ligament that connects the cervix and ischial spine

A

cardinal

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24
Q

what 2 areas are connnected by the uterosacral ligament F?

A

cervix and sacrum

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25
Q

what covering is the broad ligament composed of?

A

mesentery

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26
Q

which mesentary covers the uterine tubes?

A

mesosalpinx

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27
Q

what is version?

A

Angle between cervix and vagina

28
Q

what is flexion?

A

Angle between cervix and uterus

29
Q

bendiness of uterus is..

A

Flexion

30
Q

what is uterine prolapse

A

weakening of the pelvic floor ligament due to childbirth

31
Q

What artery supplies fibroids in the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

32
Q

what is a hysterectomy?

A

removal of uterus

33
Q

issue with uterine artery embolism

A

the particles injected can block the ovaries, causing infertility

34
Q

section of uterine tube attaching to the uterus body

A

isthmus

35
Q

body of uterine tube

A

ampulla

36
Q

area of fimbraie in uterine tubes

A

infundibulum

37
Q

what is sometimes damaged in hysterectomies

A

ureter

38
Q

embryological remnant in the uterus

A

round ligament

39
Q

what does the round ligament connect?

A

ovary to the labium majora

40
Q

name for superior section of round ligament

A

ovarian ligament

41
Q

what ligament maintains anteversion in pregnancy

A

round ligament

42
Q

What type of gland is the ovary?

A

endocrine

43
Q

in which nerve can tumours and cysts grow due to compression?

A

Obturator nerve

44
Q

where does the ovarian artery arise from?

A

aorta

45
Q

where does the ovarian artery branch?

A

ampulla

46
Q

what does the ovarian artery branch into?

A
  • tubul branch

- ovarian branch

47
Q

what do the branches anastomise with?

A

uterine artery

48
Q

which artery does the uterine artery join?

A

internal iliac artery

49
Q

flow of tubes male reproductive organs

A 
Testes 
Perineum
Abdomen 
Pelvic cavity
Perineum
50
Q

3 external genitalia

A

urethra
scrotum
penis

51
Q

where in the testes is sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

52
Q

how does sperm reach the epididymis from the rete testes channels?

A

efferent ductule

53
Q

from where does sperm enter the inguinal canal?

A

vas deferens

54
Q

where is the male ampulla?

A

on the vas deferens

55
Q

where does the sperm travel after the ejaculatory duct?

A

prostatic urethra

56
Q

what is removed in a vasectomy?

A

small peice of vas deferens

57
Q

in a vestectomy, where does unexpelled sperm degenerate?

A

epididymis

58
Q

what do the male seminal vesicles secrete?

A

alkaline fructose

59
Q

what does the prostate gland secrete?

A

PSA - prostate serum antigen - milky fluid

60
Q

what can an enlarged prostate enpinge on?

A

bladder and urethra

61
Q

what does an enlarged prostate develop into?

A

LUTS - lower urinary tract symptoms

62
Q

2 LUTS

A

increased frequency and urgency

63
Q

what procedure can be done to remove prostate tissue

A

TURP - transurethral resection of prostate

64
Q

stage 3 of prostate cancer

A

spread to wall of bladder and seminal vesicles

65
Q

stage 4 prostate cancer

A

spread to walls of rectum and lymph nodes

66
Q

which glands secrete pre-ejaculate?

A

bulbourethral glands

IMS (14 decks)

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