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Cells and membranes Flashcards

1
Q

If there are large tears in the membrane, how is this fixed?

A

the membrane folds on itself to form vesicles

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2
Q

Where are proteins synthesises?

A

Ribosome

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3
Q

Do ribosomes have a membrane?

A

no

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4
Q

Name the 2 types of ribsomes

A

80s and 70s

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5
Q

What type of cell is bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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6
Q

What component is DNA passed through in horizontal gene transfer?

A

Pilus

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7
Q

What types of metabolism do prokaryotic cells undergo?

A

Aerobic & anaerobic

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8
Q

How do prokarytoic cells divide?

A

Binary fission

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9
Q

Name 3 types of basic shapes of bacteria

A
  1. Spherical
  2. Rod
  3. Spiral
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10
Q

What organelle makes up the double membrane of the nucleus?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Role of golgi apparatus

A

Packaging of proteins

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12
Q

Which contains histones; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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13
Q

What type of cell walls do eukaryotes have?

A

polysaccharide

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14
Q

What type of cell walls do prokaryotes have?

A

peptidoglycan

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15
Q

What is the unit membrane?

A

The trilaminar structure that all cell membranes possess

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16
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Proteins which span across the membrane from external to internal

17
Q

How is the plasma membrane amphiphillic?

A
  • Hydrophobic tail

- Hydrophillic head

18
Q

What creates the kink in phospholipids?

A

Cis-double bond

19
Q

What type of molecules are there in phospholipid tails?

A

fatty acids

20
Q

Cone & cylinder describe the possible shapes of what?

A

Phospholipids

21
Q

Glycerol, phosphate, choline and fatty acids are components of what?

A

Phospholipids

22
Q

2 types of phospholipid

A
  1. Sphingolipid

2. Phosphoglyceride

23
Q

What makes up a glycolipid?

24
Q

Types of glycolipid

A
  1. Sphingolipid

2. Glycosphingolipid

25
Q

Cerebrosides & gangliosides are types of what?

A

Glycosphingolipids

26
Q

What substances increase the permeability barrier of the PM?

27
Q

Describe the ‘fluid’ property of the fluid mosaic model

A

Phospholipids can move around freely

28
Q

Where are the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on an integral protein?

A 
hydrophobic = interior of barrier
hydrophilic = external
29
Q

Where are peripheral proteins located?

A

PM surface

30
Q

What do lipid anchored proteins attach to in the PM?

A

Lipid molecules

31
Q

2 molecules which can pass through the PM

A
  1. Macromolecules

2. Solutes

32
Q

2 types of active transport through PM

A
  1. endocytosis

2. exocytosis

33
Q

2 types of transport proteins

A
  1. carrier

2. channel

34
Q

What type of carrier protein is GLUT 1?

35
Q

3 types of channel proteins

A
  1. ion channel
  2. porins
  3. aqua porins
36
Q

Direction of movement of solutes in active transport

A

Unidirectional

37
Q

2 types of endocytosis

A
  1. pinocytosis

2. phagocytosis

IMS (14 decks)

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