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IMS > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Term for science of structure

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Term for science of body functions

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Subdivision of anatomy which can only be seen with a microscope

A

Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

Definition for macroscopic anatomy

A

Anatomy which can be seen with the naked eye

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5
Q

Which subdivision of anatomy contains cytology?

A

Microscopic

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6
Q 
Which subdivision of anatomy do these belong to: 
Embryology
Developmental
Pathological
Radiographic
Systemic vs Regional
Surface
Surgical
A

Macroscopic

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7
Q

Give examples of subdivisions of physiology

A 
Cell physiology
Systems physiology
Pathophysiology
Exercise physiology
Neurophysiology
Reproductive physiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular physiology
Immunophysiology
Respiratory physiology
Renal physiology
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8
Q

What 3 things can you do to assess the structure and function of the human body?

A

Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion

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9
Q

What is palpation?

A

When the examiner feels the body surfaces with their hands

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10
Q

Examples of palpation

A

Pulse and heart rate

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11
Q

What is Auscultation?

A

The examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs

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12
Q

Examples of auscultation

A

Listening to the lungs/heart with a stethoscope

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13
Q

What assessment does this describe:

The examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo.

A

Percussion

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14
Q

In percussion, what sound does a mass make?

A

dull sound

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15
Q

In percussion, what sound does air make?

A

Tympanic (drum) /hyper-resonant (loud sound)

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16
Q

If the body is lying face down, what position is it in?

A

Prone

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17
Q

If the body is lying face up, what position is it in?

A

Supine

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18
Q

Regional name: Cephalic

A

Head

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19
Q

Regional name: Brachial

A

Arm

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20
Q

Regional name: Gluteal

A

Bum

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21
Q

Regional name: Lumbar

A

Lower back

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22
Q

Regional name: axillary

A

Armpit

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23
Q

Regional name: Plantar

A

Sole of foot

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24
Q

Regional name: Popliteal

A

Back of patellar

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25
Q

Regional name: Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

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26
Q

Regional name: Olecranal

A

back of elbow

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27
Q

Regional name: Sacral

A

Back of inbetween the hips

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28
Q

Regional name: acromial

A

shoulder (superior to the scapular)

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29
Q

Regional name: Crural

A

Front of lower leg

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30
Q

Regional name: Sural

A

Back of lower leg (calf)

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31
Q

Rostral

A

Closer to the beak/nose; top end of spinal cord

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32
Q

Caudal

A

Closer to the tail; bottom end of spinal cord

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33
Q

How are sections named which have been cut?

A

According to the plane in which they have been cut

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34
Q

Functions of body cavities (3)

A
  • Protect
  • Support
  • Separate from internal organs
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35
Q

What are dorsal cavities lined by?

A

Meninges

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36
Q

What 2 cavities make up the dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial cavity

Vertebral cavity

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37
Q

What 3 cavities make up the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

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38
Q

What lines the ventral cavity?

A

Pleura & peritoneum

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39
Q

What divides the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities?

A

The mediastinum

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40
Q

What cavities encloses the lungs?

A

Pleural

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41
Q

What cavity surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardial

42
Q

What does the mediastinum contain and what does it not?

A

Contains all thoracic viscera (organs)

doesnt contain the lungs

43
Q

What 2 parts is the abdominopelvic cavity split into?

A
  • Superior abdominal

- inferior pelvic cavity

44
Q

What organs are contained within the abdominal cavity?

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Small intestine
Most of large intestine
45
Q

What organs are contained within the pelvic cavity?

A

Urinary bladder
Portions of large intestine
Internal female & male reproductive structures

46
Q

How does medical imaging allow us to diagnose disease?

A

To view the inside of the body to observe whether anatomy is present

47
Q

What type of imaging produces a 2D image on film?

A

Conventional radiography

48
Q

What resolution does conventional radiography have for soft tissues?

A

Poor resolution

49
Q

What is the major use of conventional radiography?

A

Osteology

50
Q

Examples of conventional radiography (regions)

A

chest x-ray

abdominal x-ray

51
Q

Describe how conventional radiography is conducted

A

Single burst of x-rays

52
Q

Which imaging involves a moving x-ray beam?

A

Computed Tomography (CT scan)

53
Q

Which view does a CT scan show the body and in what format?

A

Cross-section, video monitor

54
Q

Which imaging techniques show soft tissues in detail?

A

CT scan and MRI

55
Q

Which imaging can produce 3D views?

A

CT scan

56
Q

What does DSA stand for?

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography

57
Q

What is injected into blood vessels in DSA?

A

Radioplaque material

58
Q

What are removed to make the image more clearer in DSA?

A

distracting pre-contrasting image

59
Q

What is DSA used to show?

A

Blood vessels

60
Q

Describe an ultrasound scan

A

High frequency sound waves emitted by a hand-held device

61
Q

3 advantages of an ultrasound

A
  1. safe
  2. noninvasive
  3. painless
62
Q

What is the name of the graph produced by an ultrasound?

A

Sonogram

63
Q

What 3 things is an ultrasound used for?

A
  1. foetal ultrasound
  2. examination of pelvic & abdominal organs, heart
  3. blood flow through blood vessels
64
Q

Which imaging makes the body exposed to a high-energy magnetic field?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

65
Q

Explain how an MRI is conducted

A

protons align themsleves relative to the magnetic field

pulse of radiowaves are used to create a video image

66
Q

Who shouldnt the MRI be used on?

A

Patients with metal in their body

67
Q

What does PET stand for?

A

Positron Emission Tomography

68
Q

What substance is injected in a PET scan?

A

One that emits +vely charged particles

69
Q

What happens to the positively charged particles in a PET scan?

A

collide with negatively charged electrons in tissues which produces gamma rays

70
Q

What does the camera detect in a PET scan?

A

gamma rays

71
Q

Dorsal (2 meanings)

A

Closer to the back, back of hand

72
Q

Ventral

A

Closer to the front

73
Q

what does the diaphragm separate the abdominopelvic cavity from?

A

the thoracic cavity

74
Q

Structure in between the thighs which separates gonads from rectal area

A

peritoneum

75
Q

4 bones forming the pelvic girdle

A
  1. sacrum
  2. ilium
  3. ischium
  4. pubis
76
Q

3 linear terminalis in the pelvic area

A
  1. arcuate line
  2. pectineal line
  3. pubic crest
77
Q

what 2 areas of the pelvis are separated by the pelvic inlet?

A
  1. false (greater) pelvis

2. true (lesser) pelvis

78
Q

Name of the bottom of the pelvic area

A

pelvic floor

79
Q

2 openings in the pelvic floor

A
  1. urogenital hiatus (urethra/vagina)

2. anal canal

80
Q

2 types of pelvic floor muscles

A
  1. ischiococcygeus

2. levator ani

81
Q

which bones are connected by the ischiococcygeus

A
  1. ischial spine

2. coccyx

82
Q

3 muscles of levator ani:

A
  1. iliococcygeus
  2. pubococcygeus
  3. puborectalis
83
Q

where does the puborectalis span?

A

public bone, around rectal structures, pubic bone

84
Q

Which muscles relax in order to urinate and deficate?

A

levator ani

85
Q

who has a wider and shorter sacrum ? M/F

A

F

86
Q

whos coccyx is more movable? M/F

A

F

87
Q

whos greater sciatic notch is narrow and deep? M/F

A

m

88
Q

who has a wider pelvic inlet and outlet? M/F

A

F

89
Q

3 pelvic ligaments

A
  1. articular
  2. peritoneal
  3. foetal remnants
90
Q

which ligaments span from bone to bone?

A

Articular

91
Q

which ligament joins 2 areas of the spine together?

A

lumbosacral ligament

92
Q

what ligament attaches the sacrum and coccyx together?

A

sacrococcygeal ligament

93
Q

which joint joins 2 pubic bones together?

A

pubic symphysis

94
Q

3 pelvic foramen

A
  1. greater sciatic foramen
  2. lesser sciatic foramen
  3. obturator foramen
95
Q

where does the sciatic nerve pass through?

A

greater sciatic foramen

96
Q

where does the piriformis muscle pass through?

A

greater sciatic foramen

97
Q

Which 2 pouches are in the female?

A
  1. rectouterine pouch of douglas

2. uterovesical pouch

98
Q

what pouch is in the male?

A

rectovesical pouch

99
Q

what does the rectouterine pouch of douglas separate?

A

rectum and uterus (F)

100
Q

what does the rectovesical pouch separate?

A

Rectum from bladder (M)

101
Q

what does the uterovescial pouch separate?

A

bladder and uterus

IMS (14 decks)

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