Reproductive System

Question 1

seminiferous tubules
cell types and functions

Answer 1

spermatogenic series cells and Sertoli cells
production of spermatozoa, support cells for spermatogenesis

Question 2

testis interstitium
cell types and functions

Answer 2

Leydig cells between lobules
synthesis of androgenic hormones principally testosterone

Question 3

rete testis
cell types and functions

Answer 3

cuboidal epithelium with cilia and smooth muscle
first collection point within testes, convey spermatozoa to ductules efferentes and then epididymis

Question 4

epididymis
cell types and functions

Answer 4

columnar epithelium with stereocilia and smooth muscle
store and mature spermatozoa

Question 5

vas deferens
cell types and functions

Answer 5

columnar epithelium and smooth muscle with three layers
carry sperm to urethra during ejaculation
***

Question 6

prostate main components

Answer 6

central, transition and peripheral zones, and anterior fibromuscular stroma

Question 7

prostate
cell types and functions

Answer 7

epithelium with two layers, luminal tall columnar layer and basal cell layer
produces proteinaceous secretions that mix with seminal fluid

Question 8

seminal vesicle
cell types and functions

Answer 8

cuboidal to columnar epithelium with muscular wall
produces seminal fluid - more watery, thickened by prostate secretions

Question 9

corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa
cell types and functions

Answer 9

spongy fibrous tissue containing anastomosing vascular sinuses
erectile tissue

Question 10

urethra
cell types and functions

Answer 10

lined by urothelium proximally and pseudostratified columnar epithelium distally
duct for ejaculation and micturition

Question 11

why are spermatozoa incapable of fertilising until undergoing capacitation in the female genital tract

Answer 11

they are less motile
their membranes are not fragile enough
capacitation prepares them to fertilise

Question 12

six major functions of the female reproductive function

Answer 12

production of gametes
reception of male gametes
provision of a suitable environment for the fertilisation of ova by spermatozoa
provision of an environment for foetus development
expulsion of developed foetus to external environment
nutrition of the baby (placenta)

Question 13

fimbriae

Answer 13

finger like structures to catch the released ovum from the ovary

Question 14

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 14

fertilisation and implantation in the uterine tube

Question 15

layers of the ovary

Answer 15

cortex containing germinative epithelium
medulla

Question 16

tunica albuginea

Answer 16

outside layer of ovary
inside of which is germinative epithelium

Question 17

at what stage can you tell which follicle will become the gamete in the ovary

Answer 17

when a primary follicle becomes a primary oocyte

Question 18

what causes the ovum to be discharged

Answer 18

LH surge

Question 19

what does the Graafian follicle become after the secondary oocyte is released

Answer 19

corpus luteum and then corpus albicans - a scar in the ovary
these then regress otherwise a postmenopausal ovary would contain 500

Question 20

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 20

many dominant follicles instead of just one

Question 21

how many primordial follicles are activated per cycle

Answer 21

20 but only one reaches maturation

Question 22

8 follicular development stages

Answer 22

oogonia
primordial follicle
early primary follicle
primary follicle
secondary follicle
Graafian follicle
corpus luteum
corpus albicans

Question 23

which arteries of the uterine wall shed off with each cycle and which do not

Answer 23

straight arteries that supply the myometrium remain
spiral arteries that supply the endometrium shed off
stratum functionalis above the stratum basalis sheds

Question 24

3 phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 24

menstrual phase: endometrial shedding
proliferative phase: thickening and vascularisation of endometrium, ovulation
secretary phase: progesterone release promotes secretions by endometrial glands

Question 25

role of LH, hCG, progesterone, estrogen

Answer 25

LH: triggers ovulation
hCG: maintenance of corpus luteum until 1st trimester
Progesterone: enriches the uterus with thick lining
Estrogen: 1 maintains the uterus lining, 2 upregulates oxytocin receptor in myometrium

Question 26

birth control pills
monophasic and biphasic

Answer 26

when progesterone or estrogen is high LH is blocked - no ovulation

monophasic: all the same pill with a placebo week to allow shedding of lining
biphasic: two different strengths of pills

Question 27

vagina

Answer 27

muscular tube that extends from vulva to uterus
upper half lies above pelvic floor
lower half lies in perineum
fornixes because it is circular

Question 28

vaginal wall histology

Answer 28

stratified squamous epithelium that produces mucous
smooth muscle
adventitial layer

Question 29

vaginal lactic acid

Answer 29

superficial cells produce glycogen metabolised by commensal bacteria to lactic acid
prevents infection and kills sperm

Question 30

oviduct
epithelial lining and organisation of muscle

Answer 30

columnar ciliated
inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 31

uterus
epithelial lining and organisation of muscle

Answer 31

columnar with groups of ciliated cells
thick 3 intermingling layers

Question 32

cervix
epithelial lining and organisation of muscle

Answer 32

tall columnar and stratified squamous near vagina
less muscle, none near vagina

Question 33

vagina
epithelial lining and organisation of muscle

Answer 33

stratified squamous
inner circular and outer longitudinal