Cardiovascular system Flashcards
when in embryonic development does the heart form
week 10
what is the difference between smooth and rough intracardiac muscle
what is the border between them called
rough is embryonic tissue and smooth is added during growth
crista terminalis (terminal ridge) is a ridge of myocardium within the RA that borders smooth and rough tissue
trabeculae carneae (meaty ridges)
Each ventricle features large cone-shaped trabeculae carneae connected to papillary muscles
trabeculae also function to anchor mitral and tricuspid valves via papillary muscles
what connects papillary muscles to cardiac valves
chordae tendineae
why are the LA walls smooth
embryonic wall been pushed to one small pocket
RA - RV valve
RV - PA valve
LA - LV valve
LV - aorta valve
RA - RV valve: tricuspid AV
RV - PA valve: pulmonary
LA - LV valve: mitral (bicuspid)
LV - aorta valve: aortic
what prevents backflow from arteries into the ventricles
shutting of semilunar valves
which valves make the first heart sound (lub), when
which valves make the second heart sound (dub), when
first heart sound (lub): atrioventricular valves, ventricular systole
second heart sound (dub):
semilunar valves, ventricular diastole
which coronary artery tends to be involved in more MIs
left
what is the major vein of the heart responsible for drainage
coronary sinus
mitral valve regurgitation secondary to MI
symptoms
occurs when the MI affects the papillary muscles and they die
causes the cusp of the valve they connect to prolapse allowing atrial regurgitation
breathlessness, fatigue
pericardial sac
two layer fluid filled sac that encloses the heart and prevents overfilling
outer fibrous pericardium does not stretch
visceral serous pericardium attached to the heart
pericardial cavity filled with fluid to lubricate movement and protect from damage
pericardial effusion
abnormal fluid accumulation in the pericardium
limited space, reduced ventricular filling, reduced CO
chest pains and shortness of breath
pericardiocentesis removes fluid with needle
ANS neurotransmitters and their receptors
sympathetic: ACh, M2 muscarinic receptors
parasympathetic: epinephrine/norepinephrine, beta-adrenergic receptors
beta blockers
for hypertension, tachycardia and arrythmias
antagonist of adrenaline
