Cell structure and function Flashcards
contents on cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
role of cholesterol in maintaining cell membrane fluidity
acts as a buffer to maintain fluidity and therefore permeability
when body temp is low; cholesterol increases fluidity
when temp is high cholesterol reduces fluidity
what are cytoplasmic inclusions
what cell types are they typically found in
primarily metabolic products stored in the cytoplasm
long lived cells e.g. hepatocytes, neurons, cardiac myocytes
cytoplasmic inclusion examples
glycogen granules
melanin pigment granules
lipid droplets
lipofuscin
microfilament properties
what events does it take part in
G-actin forming F-actin polymers
small and flexible
migration, division, extensions, junctions, contraction, membrane transport
intermediate filaments properties
roles
resilient and toughest
maintain shape and resist compression
desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes
microtubules properties
roles
alpha and beta tubulin monomers, negative and positive ends
axonal transport, cilia, flagella, cell division
which proteins are responsible for movement along microtubules
kinesin moves towards positive end
dynein moves towards negative end
effects of defective cilia
accumulation of mucous secretion in respiratory tract
infertility on women (fallopian tube)
male sterility
nucleolus role
production of ribosomal subunits and ribosomal RNA
functions of rough ER
protein synthesis and modification
protein folding; assembly of multi-chain proteins
N-linked glycosylation
protein QC
limited proteolysis
protein sorting and export
what protein tag earmarks vesicles to be delivered to the Golgi body
COPII
organs rich in RER
exocrine pancreas
goblet cells of respiratory tract and GIT
plasma cells
neurons
functions of smooth ER
lipid synthesis
steroid synthesis
breakdown of compounds (detoxification)
organs rich in SER
testis
ovaries
adrenal cortex
