Reproductive System

Answer 1

• Perineum - pubic sumphysis, 2 Ischail tuberosity, coccyx
  
  • anus
• Male: external genitalia
  
  • Scrotum - chamber holding the testicles
    
    • able to move and increase the wrinkling
  • Glans - head of penis
  • Prepuce - skin covering the penis
    
    • circumcision reduces the risk of infection by HIV by 60%
  • What do you think sucj valuable organs held outside the body where they are more susceptible to damage?
    
    • sperm is best made at 5.4 degrees Fahreheit lower temperature than we find within the body. Why we have muscles that can lift and relax the testicles

Answer 2

• Cremaster muscles extensions of the internal oblique - lift the testicles
• Dartos muscle - causes scrotum to wrinkle more that holds heat in

Question 3

Internal aspect of the male

Answer 3

• Lobules are surrounded by a connective tissue known as the tunica albuginea also separated by the Tunica albuginea by chamber themselves
• Chambers hold seminiferous tubules where sperm are developed also have cells making testosterone
• Next move to straight tubule
• Rete Testis
• head of epididymis - highly coiled tube - very long where sperm stay to mature 60-70 days smooth muscle in here
• After enjaculation Vas Deferens - exit points

Question 4

Sperm

Answer 4

• Not many organelles
  
  • Nuclues
  • 23 chromosomes
• long tail and propel the sperm
• has Mitochondria
• head called Acrosome - modified lysomes
  
  • as it gets close to ova released some lysosomals enzymes that works to break down the walls of the ova

Answer 5

• The vas deferens will rise up through something known as the spermatic cord bundle where there are blood vessels entering into the testicles and then we have the spermatic cord along with some veins and it will loop over the pubis and then pierce the abdominal wall, and then loop over the bladder here and then on the back side of the bladder fused with the seminal vesicle and form the ejaculatory duct
  
  • Makes a component of seman that is really high in fructose which is a type of sugar so the sugar will be broken by the sperm and used by the mitochondria to make ATP to help power
• The ejaculatory duct will join up w/ the prostatic urethra (prostatic portion, membranous portion, spongy portion)

Question 6

The Prostate

Answer 6

• Prostatic Fluid
  
  • 33% of ejaculate voume
  • Enhances sperm motility
• Made up of fibromuscular stroma - combination of fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle work to contract the protratic fluid during a ejaculation

Question 7

Bubleo-urethral gland

Answer 7

• located base of penis inside the body
• produce aklaline muscus
  
  • precum
  • purpose to line the urethra as we’re heading out. aklaine is important bc urine is acidic and acidity is bad for sperm and causes it to die which helps to counteract the acidity

Question 8

Corpus Cavernosum

Answer 8

• Corpus Cavernosum
  
  • smooth muscle tissue, blood vessels, connective tissue - spongy matrix
  • As blood comes into the spongy matric tthe corpus cavernosum will expand
  • importantly the blood vessels, the veins, that drain blood from the penis located betwn the corpus cavernosum and the connective tissue that surround the penis
  • As blood enters they swell up and compress the venus vessels so blood can’t leave the penis
• Corpus spongiosum
  
  • it contains the uretha
  • important it doesn’t puff up other wise it would clamp down on the uretha and prevent an ejaculation

Answer 9

• Mons pubis fatty layer
• Vestibule - contains the uretha
  
  • bounded my the labia majora
  • smaller folds labia minora
• Prepuse of clitoris - similar to male penis
  
  • only for sexual pleasure
  • similar to the head of the penis
• Hymen (ruptured) - vaginity
• Posterior Vaginal orifice - hymen in it, thin membrous connective tissue
• Opening of the duct of the greater gertivular gland - secrete a muscus that has a lubricating function during sexual intercourse

Question 10

Internal

Answer 10

• Vagina is composed of mucosal layer is stratified squamous epithelium -it ribbed and stimuluant the penis
  
  • very thick muscular wall that aids process with birth
  • the vagine leads to cervix and utherus
• Vagina has a acidic environment
  
  • bc the bacteria that live here consume the stratified sqamous cells that are shed and they convert to lactic acid and limit the sperm and kill the bacteria to come in
• washing the vagina can increase the PH more basic and allow negative bacteria to get in

Question 11

Ovaries

Answer 11

• One on each side and connected to the fallopian tube which will bring the Ova to the uterus
• As hormone levels start to change there will be a type of hormone known as follicle stimulating hormone that will go and start to stimulate
  
  • one of the oocytes will outstrips the others and it continues to grows
  • 4. produces estrogen call this ova the primary oocyte when it’s surroundbyed the follicles
  • Continue to grow get down to 23 chromosomes then there’s a spike in lutenizing hormone that will cause the oocyte to be released. the whole sac will rapture then we have a secondary oocyte travel down the fallopian tubes towards teh uterus
  • 7. the cells that remain behind they turn into something called the corpus luteum - prouces a hormoe progesterone which facilitate the steps that will promote implantation of a fertilize egg

Question 12

Vagina

Answer 12

• Fallopian tube isn’t physically attached to the ovaries
  
  • when ovulation occurs the ova secondary oocyte have to make it through the fallopian tube
  • sometimes when ovulation occurs secondary oocytes edon’t make it to the fallopian tube
  • The Fimbraie curl and cover the ovary and have cells with cilia and a current to pull the egg in to move down the fillopian tube
  • Once the secondary oocyte is inside have cilia there will be peristalsis smooth muscle within the walls of the fallopian tube that will help to also squeeze and move the secondary oocyte along
  • fertilization is going to happen within the fallopian tube so the sperm is going to meet the egg within the fallopian tube and it shouldn’t implant in the faloopian tube if it does then ectopic pregnancy

Answer 13

• Fundus roof of the uterus
• Lumen of uterus open cavity
• Isthmus
• Cervix
• Uterus
  
  • Endometrium - inner layer facing lumen
    
    • functional layer - shedding - changes it size each month during menstration
      
      • shedding result of spasm in Spinal Artery
    • basal layer
    • • Myometrium - thick muscular layer - contactions during birth
  • Perimetrium - outer layer