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Biology 108 > Muscles of the body > Flashcards

Muscles of the body Flashcards

1
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Masseter

Origin: Maxilla and Mandible

  • Insertion: Mucous Membrane of Lips
  • Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

• Function: Jaw Elevation

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2
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Temporalis

• Origin: Parietal, Frontal,

Sphenoid, and Temporal Bones

• Insertion: Coronoid Process of

Mandible

• Innervation: Trigeminal Nerve

(CN V)

• Function: Jaw elevation

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3
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Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium and

Medial Clavicle

• Insertion: Mastoid Process of

Temporal Bone

• Innervation: Spinal Accessory

Nerve (CN XI)

• Function: Contralateral cervical rotation

Ispilateal cevical side bending (bringing ear to shulder)
Cervical flexion if contracted bilaterally

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4
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Scalenes

Origin: Transverse Process of

Cervical Vertebrae

  • Insertion: 1st rib (Anterior and Middle Scalenes) and 2nd rib (Posterior Scalene)
  • Innervation: Branches of C3-8 spinalnerves

• Function: Cervical side bending, can also elevate 1st two ribs if spine is fixed
Ispalateal side bending also helps with breathing helps elevate first 2 ribs if the spine is fixed

right sternocleidomastoid and right scalenes are agonist for side bending bc they do ispalateral ipsilateral

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5
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Erector Spinae

  • Origin: Common Tendon (dense conntective tissue) (Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, PSIS)
  • Insertion: SLI

Spinalis: Spinous Process of T1-T8, C2, and Occipital Bone

Longissimus: Transverse Process of C2 – T12 and Mastoid Process

Iliocostalis: Angle of the Rib and Transverse Process of Cervical Vertebrae

  • Innervation: Spinal Nerves
  • Function: Lateral flexion of the trunk/neck extension of the trunk/neck if contracted bilterally.

If contract left/right together extension of truck

attached one side lateral flexion (side bending)

Longissimus will help with cervical side bending

Errector spinae deep to lats

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6
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Rectus Abdominis

  • Origin: Pubic Symphysis
  • Insertion: Xiphoid Process and Costal Cartilage of Ribs 5-7

Tendeness intersections (lines in abs) those are flexure points have specific spots where it folds

Connects to the sternum

• Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves

T7-11 and Subcostal Nerve (T12)

• Function: Trunk Flexion

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7
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External Obliques

  • Origin: Ribs 5-12
  • Insertion: Anterior Iliac Crest, Pubic Symphysis, and Linea Alba (white line) - runs straight down through belly button - connective tissue feeding into one line - stability point from xipoid process
  • Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves T7-T11 and Subcostal Nerve (T12)

• Function: Contralateral truck roation, trunk flexion

Right external oblique causes rotatation to left and left external oblique causes rotation to right

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8
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Internal Obliques

  • Origin: Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest
  • Insertion: Ribs 10-12 and Linea Alba
  • Function: Ispsilateral Rotation

Right external oblque and left internal oblique causes rotation to the left = Agonist

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9
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Tranverse Abdominis

Origin: Iliac Crest, Costal Cartilage of Ribs 7-10, and Thoracolumbar Fascia - additional fascia in low back. -belt coming around and cinching your abodomen tight

  • Insertion: Linea Alba
  • Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves T7-11

and Subcostal Nerve (T12)

• Function: Increase intraabdonimal pressure/stabalize the core

if not activating muscles our backs would be injured (soda can analogy)

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10
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Trapezius

Origin:

Occipital Bone, Spinous Processes of C7-T12

  • Insertion: Acromion, Lateral Spine of Scapula, Lateral Clavicle
  • Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Function:

Upper trapezius = Shoulder Elevation, cervical extension

Middle Traps = Shoulder retraction (fat joe lean back)

Lower trapezius = downward rotation scapula (do not worry about)

function of a muscles is based on directions of it’s muscle fibers

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11
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Deltoid

Origin:

Acromion, Lateral Spine of the Scapula, Lateral Clavicle

Attaches to the same points as the trapezius

  • Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
  • Innervation: Axillary Nerve

Function: Anterior deltoid = Shoulder flexion

Middle Deltoid = Shoulder ABduction

Posterior Deltoid = Shoulder Extension

Anterior and poster deltoid are antagonist bc they have opposite motions

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12
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Supraspinatus

  • Origin: Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
  • Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
  • Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve

**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve

• Function: Shoulder ABduction

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13
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Infraspinatus

  • Origin: Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
  • Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus (posterior side)
  • Innervation:

Suprascapular Nerve

**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve

• Function: Shoulder external rotation

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14
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Teres Minor

Origin:Upper 2/3 of Lateral Scapular Border

  • Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
  • Innervation: Axillary Nerve
  • Function: Shoulder external rotation

Shoulder Extension

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15
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Teres Major

not included in rotator cuff muscle bc it doesn’t encircle the head of humerus

Origin: Lower 1/3 of Lateral Scapular Border and Inferior Angle of Scapula

  • Insertion: Medial Lip of Intertubercular Groove
  • Innervation: Lower Subscapular Nerve

**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve

• Function: Shoulder extension

Shoulder ADduction

Internal Rotation of the shoulder

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16
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Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular Fossa of Scapula

  • Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
  • Innervation:

Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves

**Don’t worry about memorizing this

nerve

• Function: Internal Rotation

ADDuction of the Shoulder

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17
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18
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Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, Spinous Process of T7-L5

• Insertion: Intertubercular Groove of Humerus

• Function: Extension, internal rotation
Adduction of the shoulder

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19
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Serratus Anterior

Origin: Ribs 1-8

• Insertion: Anterior surface of

medial border of scapula

  • Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve
  • Function: To guide scapula motion against the rib cage during shoulder motion
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20
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Pectoralis Major

Origin: Medial 2/3 Clavicle, Sternum, Ribs 1-6 costal cartilage

• Insertion: Lateral Lip of Intertubercular Groove

• Function: Horizontal ADDuction, internal rotation and adduction @ the shoulder

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21
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Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Ribs 3-5

  • Insertion: Coracoid Process
  • Function: Shoulder protraction middle trapezius would be antagonist
22
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Bicep Brachii

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula 12 oclock(long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head) (pec minor attaches here too)

  • Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and Bicipital Aponeurosis (helps distribute force)
  • Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

• Function: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion forarm supination

bc it crosses the flenumeral joint it assists with shoulder flexion

Biceps don’t attach to humerus it attaches to scapula on one end and our radius on the other

23
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Brachialis

Origin: Shaft of humerus

  • Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna
  • Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
  • Function: Elbow flexion

no supination bc attached to Ulna which is fixed whereas Radius spins

Contributes more of the strength of the biceps

24
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Extensor Digitorum

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

  • Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5
  • Innervation: Radial Nerve

• Function: Extension of the wrist MCP, PIP’s and DIP’s

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Brachioradialis * Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus * Insertion: Radius, just proximal to radial styloid * Innervation: Radial Nerve * **Function: Elbow flexion especially in handshake position - beer drinking muscle**
26
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus, also Anterior Surface of Radius and Ulna * Insertion: Medial and Lateral Aspects of Middle Phalange for Digits 2-5 * Innervation: Median Nerve Fuctions: Flexion of the elbow, wrist MCP's PIP's
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin: Proximal Ulna * Insertion: Distal Phalanges 2-5 * Innervation: Median and Ulnar Nerves **• Function: Flexion of Wrist MCP, PIP's and DIP's** **Best antagonist of extensor digitorum is Flexor Digitorum Profundus**
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Triceps Brachii Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula (Long Head) and Posterior Shaft of Humerus (Medial and Lateral Heads) * Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna * Innervation: Radial Nerve * **Function: Shoulder extension, elbow extension**
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Pronator Teres Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus and Coronoid Process of Ulna (ice cream scoop) * Insertion: Lateral Surface of the Mid-Radius * Innervation: Median Nerve * **Function: Forearm pronation** **Antagonist of Biceps brachii bc of the supination**
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Flexor Carpi Radialis * Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus * Insertion: Base of 2nd Metacarpal * Innervation: Median Nerve **• Function: Wrist flexion, Radial deviation**
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus • Insertion: Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, 5th Metacarpal * Innervation: Ulnar Nerve * **Function: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation**
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Psoas Major Origin: Transverse Processes and Vertebral Bodies of T12-L5 • Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Joins with Iliacus Tendon) • Innervation: L1-L3 Spinal Nerves **• Function: Hip Flexion**
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Iliacus * Origin: Iliac Fossa of Ilium * Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur (joins with Psoas Major tendon) * Innervation: Femoral Nerve * Function: Hip Flexion
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Gluteus Maximus Origin: Posterior 1/3 of the Iliac Crest, Posterior Sacrum • Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur and Iliotibial Tract (IT Band) • Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve \*\*Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve **• Function: Hip Extension, Hip External Rotation**
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Gluteus Medius Origin: Gluteal Surface of the Ilium (just below the iliac crest) * Insertion: Lateral Greater Trochanter * Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve \*\*Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve • **Function: Hip ABduction and Hip Stabilizer Hip collapse down one side is dropping when walking, sway**
36
Gluteus Minimus Origin: Lateral Surface of Ilium * Insertion: Medial Greater Trochanter * Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve \*\*Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve • **Function: Hip ABduction**
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Tensor Fascia Lata Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS), Anterior Iliac Crest * Insertion: Iliotibial (IT) Band * Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve \*\*Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve • **Function: Flexion, ABduction and Internal Rotation of Hip** **Antagonist of Gluteus Maximus but agonist of Gluteus medius and minimus because of ABduction**
38
Sartorius Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) * Insertion: Superior Medial Tibia * Innervation: Femoral Nerve * **Function: Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation of the Hip and Knee Flexion**
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Adductor Magnus Origin: Ischial Tuberosity, Inferior Pubic Ramus • Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur, Adductor Tubercle of Femur * Innervation: Obturator Nerve and Sciatic Nerve * Function: Hip ADDuction and Extension of Hip
40
Rectus Femoris • Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) * Insertion: Superior Patella * Innervation: Femoral Nerve * **Function: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension**
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Biceps Femoris Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (long head), Linea Aspera (short head) * Insertion: Head of the fibula * Innervation: Sciatic Nerve **• Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion**
42
Semitendinosus Origin: Ischial Tuberosity * Insertion: Upper Medial Tibial Shaft * Innervation: Sciatic Nerve **• Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion** **-Tendon can be harvested as an ACL reconstruction**
43
Semimembranosus Origin: Ischial Tuberosity • Insertion: Posterior Medial Tibial Condyle * Innervation: Sciatic Nerve * **Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion** **All originate from Ishial Tuberosity the short head of the bicep femoris will come from Linea Aspera. All have different attachment sites but cross Posterior to Knee Hip extension and knee flexion + Innverated by Sciatic Nerve**
44
Vastus Lateralis Origin: Anterior Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera (wraps around) * Insertion: Superior Patella * Innervation: Femoral Nerve **• Function: Knee Extension**
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Vastus Intermedius Origin: Anterior and Lateral Femoral Shaft * Insertion: Superior Patella * Innervation: Femoral Nerve **• Function: Knee Extension** **All have different originations sites but all have same insertion - Superior Patella** **-Knee Extension and innverated by Fermoral Nerve**
46
Vastus Medialis • Origin: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of the Linea Aspera (wraps around) * Insertion: Superior Patella * Innervation: Femoral Nerve **• Function: Knee Extension**
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Gastrocnemius Origin: Poster Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles * Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon * Innervation: Tibial Nerve * **Function: Ankle Plantarflexion & Knee Extension** **Spinting and power motions**
48
Soleus Origin: Poster Tibia and Fibula * Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon * Innervation: Tibial Nerve **• Function: Ankle Plantarflexion** **Type 1 Muscle Fibers Marathon, Walking**
49
Fibularis Longus Origin: Superior Lateral Fibula • Insertion: Plantar Aspect of Medial Cuneiform Bone and Plantar Aspect of Base of 1st Metatarsal \*The tendon runs posterior to the lateral malleolus and underneath the foot • Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve • **Function: Ankle Plantarflexion and Foot Eversion Everts the foot**
50
Extensor Digitorum Longus • Origin: Anterior Lateral Tibial Condyle and Upper Anterior Fibula • Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5 • Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve **• Function: Ankle Dorsiflexion and Extension of MTP's (toe knuckles) PIP's and DIP's for digit 2-5**
51
Tibialis Anterior Origin: Anterior Lateral Tibial Condyle, Upper 2/3 of Anterior Tibia • Insertion: Medial Aspect of Medial Cuneiform Bone and Medial Aspect of Base of 1st Metatarsal • Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve • **Function: Ankle Dorisflexion and Foot Inversion Tibilais Anterior is antagonist of the Tibilarus Longus bc the attach to the same bones**

Biology 108 (24 decks)

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