Muscles of the body Flashcards
Masseter
Origin: Maxilla and Mandible
- Insertion: Mucous Membrane of Lips
- Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
• Function: Jaw Elevation
Temporalis
• Origin: Parietal, Frontal,
Sphenoid, and Temporal Bones
• Insertion: Coronoid Process of
Mandible
• Innervation: Trigeminal Nerve
(CN V)
• Function: Jaw elevation
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium and
Medial Clavicle
• Insertion: Mastoid Process of
Temporal Bone
• Innervation: Spinal Accessory
Nerve (CN XI)
• Function: Contralateral cervical rotation
Ispilateal cevical side bending (bringing ear to shulder)
Cervical flexion if contracted bilaterally
Scalenes
Origin: Transverse Process of
Cervical Vertebrae
- Insertion: 1st rib (Anterior and Middle Scalenes) and 2nd rib (Posterior Scalene)
- Innervation: Branches of C3-8 spinalnerves
• Function: Cervical side bending, can also elevate 1st two ribs if spine is fixed
Ispalateal side bending also helps with breathing helps elevate first 2 ribs if the spine is fixed
right sternocleidomastoid and right scalenes are agonist for side bending bc they do ispalateral ipsilateral
Erector Spinae
- Origin: Common Tendon (dense conntective tissue) (Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, PSIS)
- Insertion: SLI
Spinalis: Spinous Process of T1-T8, C2, and Occipital Bone
Longissimus: Transverse Process of C2 – T12 and Mastoid Process
Iliocostalis: Angle of the Rib and Transverse Process of Cervical Vertebrae
- Innervation: Spinal Nerves
- Function: Lateral flexion of the trunk/neck extension of the trunk/neck if contracted bilterally.
If contract left/right together extension of truck
attached one side lateral flexion (side bending)
Longissimus will help with cervical side bending
Errector spinae deep to lats
Rectus Abdominis
- Origin: Pubic Symphysis
- Insertion: Xiphoid Process and Costal Cartilage of Ribs 5-7
Tendeness intersections (lines in abs) those are flexure points have specific spots where it folds
Connects to the sternum
• Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves
T7-11 and Subcostal Nerve (T12)
• Function: Trunk Flexion
External Obliques
- Origin: Ribs 5-12
- Insertion: Anterior Iliac Crest, Pubic Symphysis, and Linea Alba (white line) - runs straight down through belly button - connective tissue feeding into one line - stability point from xipoid process
- Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves T7-T11 and Subcostal Nerve (T12)
• Function: Contralateral truck roation, trunk flexion
Right external oblique causes rotatation to left and left external oblique causes rotation to right
Internal Obliques
- Origin: Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest
- Insertion: Ribs 10-12 and Linea Alba
- Function: Ispsilateral Rotation
Right external oblque and left internal oblique causes rotation to the left = Agonist
Tranverse Abdominis
Origin: Iliac Crest, Costal Cartilage of Ribs 7-10, and Thoracolumbar Fascia - additional fascia in low back. -belt coming around and cinching your abodomen tight
- Insertion: Linea Alba
- Innervation: Thoracoabdominal Nerves T7-11
and Subcostal Nerve (T12)
• Function: Increase intraabdonimal pressure/stabalize the core
if not activating muscles our backs would be injured (soda can analogy)
Trapezius
Origin:
Occipital Bone, Spinous Processes of C7-T12
- Insertion: Acromion, Lateral Spine of Scapula, Lateral Clavicle
- Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Function:
Upper trapezius = Shoulder Elevation, cervical extension
Middle Traps = Shoulder retraction (fat joe lean back)
Lower trapezius = downward rotation scapula (do not worry about)
function of a muscles is based on directions of it’s muscle fibers
Deltoid
Origin:
Acromion, Lateral Spine of the Scapula, Lateral Clavicle
Attaches to the same points as the trapezius
- Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
- Innervation: Axillary Nerve
Function: Anterior deltoid = Shoulder flexion
Middle Deltoid = Shoulder ABduction
Posterior Deltoid = Shoulder Extension
Anterior and poster deltoid are antagonist bc they have opposite motions
Supraspinatus
- Origin: Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
- Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
- Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve
• Function: Shoulder ABduction
Infraspinatus
- Origin: Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
- Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus (posterior side)
- Innervation:
Suprascapular Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve
• Function: Shoulder external rotation
Teres Minor
Origin:Upper 2/3 of Lateral Scapular Border
- Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
- Innervation: Axillary Nerve
- Function: Shoulder external rotation
Shoulder Extension
Teres Major
not included in rotator cuff muscle bc it doesn’t encircle the head of humerus
Origin: Lower 1/3 of Lateral Scapular Border and Inferior Angle of Scapula
- Insertion: Medial Lip of Intertubercular Groove
- Innervation: Lower Subscapular Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve
• Function: Shoulder extension
Shoulder ADduction
Internal Rotation of the shoulder
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular Fossa of Scapula
- Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
- Innervation:
Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves
**Don’t worry about memorizing this
nerve
• Function: Internal Rotation
ADDuction of the Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, Spinous Process of T7-L5
• Insertion: Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
• Function: Extension, internal rotation
Adduction of the shoulder
Serratus Anterior
Origin: Ribs 1-8
• Insertion: Anterior surface of
medial border of scapula
- Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve
- Function: To guide scapula motion against the rib cage during shoulder motion
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial 2/3 Clavicle, Sternum, Ribs 1-6 costal cartilage
• Insertion: Lateral Lip of Intertubercular Groove
• Function: Horizontal ADDuction, internal rotation and adduction @ the shoulder
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ribs 3-5
- Insertion: Coracoid Process
- Function: Shoulder protraction middle trapezius would be antagonist
Bicep Brachii
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula 12 oclock(long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head) (pec minor attaches here too)
- Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and Bicipital Aponeurosis (helps distribute force)
- Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Function: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion forarm supination
bc it crosses the flenumeral joint it assists with shoulder flexion
Biceps don’t attach to humerus it attaches to scapula on one end and our radius on the other
Brachialis
Origin: Shaft of humerus
- Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna
- Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Function: Elbow flexion
no supination bc attached to Ulna which is fixed whereas Radius spins
Contributes more of the strength of the biceps
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
- Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5
- Innervation: Radial Nerve
• Function: Extension of the wrist MCP, PIP’s and DIP’s
Brachioradialis
- Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus
- Insertion: Radius, just proximal to radial styloid
- Innervation: Radial Nerve
- Function: Elbow flexion especially in handshake position - beer drinking muscle
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus, also Anterior Surface of Radius and Ulna
- Insertion: Medial and Lateral Aspects of Middle Phalange for Digits 2-5
- Innervation: Median Nerve
Fuctions: Flexion of the elbow, wrist MCP’s PIP’s
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: Proximal Ulna
- Insertion: Distal Phalanges 2-5
- Innervation: Median and Ulnar Nerves
• Function: Flexion of Wrist MCP, PIP’s and DIP’s
Best antagonist of extensor digitorum is Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula (Long Head) and Posterior Shaft of Humerus
(Medial and Lateral Heads)
- Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna
- Innervation: Radial Nerve
- Function: Shoulder extension, elbow extension
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus and Coronoid Process of Ulna (ice cream scoop)
- Insertion: Lateral Surface of the Mid-Radius
- Innervation: Median Nerve
- Function: Forearm pronation
Antagonist of Biceps brachii bc of the supination
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
- Insertion: Base of 2nd Metacarpal
- Innervation: Median Nerve
• Function: Wrist flexion, Radial deviation
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of
Humerus
• Insertion: Pisiform, Hook of
Hamate, 5th Metacarpal
- Innervation: Ulnar Nerve
- Function: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
Psoas Major
Origin: Transverse Processes and
Vertebral Bodies of T12-L5
• Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of
Femur (Joins with Iliacus Tendon)
• Innervation: L1-L3 Spinal Nerves
• Function: Hip Flexion
Iliacus
- Origin: Iliac Fossa of Ilium
- Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of
Femur (joins with Psoas Major
tendon)
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
- Function: Hip Flexion
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Posterior 1/3 of the Iliac
Crest, Posterior Sacrum
• Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of
Femur and Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)
• Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this
nerve
• Function: Hip Extension, Hip External Rotation
Gluteus Medius
Origin: Gluteal Surface of the Ilium
(just below the iliac crest)
- Insertion: Lateral Greater Trochanter
- Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve
• Function: Hip ABduction and Hip Stabilizer
Hip collapse down one side is dropping when walking, sway
Gluteus Minimus
Origin: Lateral Surface of Ilium
- Insertion: Medial Greater Trochanter
- Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this
nerve
• Function: Hip ABduction
Tensor Fascia Lata
Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
(ASIS), Anterior Iliac Crest
- Insertion: Iliotibial (IT) Band
- Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
**Don’t worry about memorizing this nerve
• Function: Flexion, ABduction and Internal Rotation of Hip
Antagonist of Gluteus Maximus but agonist of Gluteus medius and minimus because of ABduction
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
(ASIS)
- Insertion: Superior Medial Tibia
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
- Function: Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation of the Hip and Knee Flexion
Adductor Magnus
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity, Inferior Pubic Ramus
• Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur, Adductor
Tubercle of Femur
- Innervation: Obturator Nerve and Sciatic Nerve
- Function: Hip ADDuction and Extension of Hip
Rectus Femoris
• Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
(AIIS)
- Insertion: Superior Patella
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
- Function: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension
Biceps Femoris
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (long head), Linea
Aspera (short head)
- Insertion: Head of the fibula
- Innervation: Sciatic Nerve
• Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion
Semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
- Insertion: Upper Medial Tibial Shaft
- Innervation: Sciatic Nerve
• Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion
-Tendon can be harvested as an ACL reconstruction
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
• Insertion: Posterior Medial Tibial
Condyle
- Innervation: Sciatic Nerve
- Function: Hip Extension and Knee Flexion
**All originate from Ishial Tuberosity the short head of the bicep femoris will come from Linea Aspera.
All have different attachment sites but cross Posterior to Knee
Hip extension and knee flexion + Innverated by Sciatic Nerve**
Vastus Lateralis
Origin: Anterior Greater Trochanter and
Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera (wraps
around)
- Insertion: Superior Patella
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
• Function: Knee Extension
Vastus Intermedius
Origin: Anterior and Lateral Femoral
Shaft
- Insertion: Superior Patella
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
• Function: Knee Extension
All have different originations sites but all have same insertion - Superior Patella
-Knee Extension and innverated by Fermoral Nerve
Vastus Medialis
• Origin: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial
Lip of the Linea Aspera (wraps around)
- Insertion: Superior Patella
- Innervation: Femoral Nerve
• Function: Knee Extension
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Poster Medial and Lateral Femoral
Condyles
- Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
- Innervation: Tibial Nerve
- Function: Ankle Plantarflexion & Knee Extension
Spinting and power motions
Soleus
Origin: Poster Tibia and Fibula
- Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
- Innervation: Tibial Nerve
• Function: Ankle Plantarflexion
Type 1 Muscle Fibers Marathon, Walking
Fibularis Longus
Origin: Superior Lateral Fibula
• Insertion: Plantar Aspect of Medial Cuneiform
Bone and Plantar Aspect of Base of 1st Metatarsal
*The tendon runs posterior to the lateral
malleolus and underneath the foot
• Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve
• Function: Ankle Plantarflexion and Foot Eversion
Everts the foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus
• Origin: Anterior Lateral Tibial Condyle and
Upper Anterior Fibula
• Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanges of
Digits 2-5
• Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
• Function: Ankle Dorsiflexion and Extension of MTP’s (toe knuckles) PIP’s and DIP’s for digit 2-5
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Anterior Lateral Tibial Condyle, Upper
2/3 of Anterior Tibia
• Insertion: Medial Aspect of Medial Cuneiform
Bone and Medial Aspect of Base of 1st
Metatarsal
• Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
• Function: Ankle Dorisflexion and Foot Inversion
Tibilais Anterior is antagonist of the Tibilarus Longus bc the attach to the same bones
