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Biology 108 > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Gross Anatomy

A

Anything we can see visually with the naked eye. For example, looking at structures on your face

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2
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Microscopic Anatomy

A

Only see with an aid of microscope or any some other device that will amplify the image

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3
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Regional Anatomy

A

Utilize in graduate courses and looking at one part of the body and all the systems in that body part.
For example, the hand: studying the skin, arteries, muscles and nerves.

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4
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Systemic Anatomy *

A

*Mostly focus

Systems of body for example, cardio vascular system, skeletal system, the nervous system and muscular system.

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5
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Surface Anatomy

A

Used by clinician, what is on the surface of the body we can see.
For example, touching on this spot, feel artery or pulse.

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6
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 1. Chemical or Molecular level

A

Lowest level of structural organization is called Chemical or Molecular level. Deals with atoms, molecules, and proteins (macro molecules). All things that are smaller than a cell, they fit into a cell.

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7
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 2. Cellular Level

A

Individually molecules can be put together and make up cells which are the smallest functional unit of our body.

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8
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 3. Tissue

A

Put multiple cells together typically when they are put together they have similar/common function They become tissue

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9
Q

Types of Tissue: Epithelial Tissue

A

Makes the linings and covers of the body for example skin

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10
Q

Types of Tissue: Muscle Tissue

A

Muscle Tissues

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11
Q

Types of Tissue: Connective Tissue

A

Which connects things in the body

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12
Q

Types of Tissue: Nervous Tissue

A

Nervous system

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13
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 4. Organ

A

Two or more tissues together = organ

For example, blood vessels, arteries and veins = organ

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14
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 5. Organ System

A

Put different organs together and working together for the same common function.
Like Cardio Vascular system: Made up of heart, veins and arteries and the commonalities between all are they all participate in the same function which is moving blood through the body.

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15
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 6. Organism

A

Take all the different organs in our body and have the organism. Can’t function without one of them.

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16
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Starting point of localization of different body parts to each other. Feet are together, back is straight, and hands facing forward

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17
Q

Regional Anatomical Terms: Axial

A

Head, Neck,
Trunk: 1. Thorax 2. Diaphram 3. Abdomen 4. Pelvic Region
Perinenum -area between your legs around your anus

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18
Q

Appendicular Region: Cephalic

A

Head

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19
Q

Appendicular Region: Cervical

A

Neck

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20
Q

Appendicular Region: Abdominal

A

Belly

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21
Q

Appendicular Region: Pelvic

A

Near Pelvis

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22
Q

Appendicular Region: Thoracic

A

Thoracic Region

thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs

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23
Q

Appendicular Region: Public

A

Genitals

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24
Q

Appendicular Region: Pedal

A

Feet

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25
Directional Terms: Superior/Inferior
Superior - towards the head Inferior - Moving down towards the feet Your head is superior to your pelvis Your pelvis is inferior to your head Lying on back: Supine Lying on stomach: Prone Position Gravity- the belly button is superior to spine or your spine is inferior to your belly button (if you're lying down in supine)
26
Directional Terms: Medial/Lateral
Imagine a dotted line Medial - towards mid line Lateral - away from the midline My right arm is lateral to my belly button. My belly button is medial to my right arm
27
Directional Terms: Proximal and Distal
Only use with the limbs and appendages Proximal closer to the Trunk Distal closer to extremities - finger tips and toes are furtherest away Don't use them in Trunk For example, the fingers are distal to the shoulders, the shoulders are proximal to the fingers the knees are proximal to the ankles the ankles are distal to the knees
28
Directional Terms: Side body Anterior (Ventral) and Posterior (Dorsal)
Anterior towards front of the body Posterior towards back of body The belly button is anterior to the spine the spine is posterior to the belly button
29
Directional Terms: Hands
Towards the palm (volar): Palmer Towards the back of hand: Dorsal The skin of the palm is palmer to the bones of the hand. The finger nails are dorsal to the bones of the hand
30
Directional Terms: Foot
Plantar: bottom of foot | Dorsal (volar): top of foot
31
Directional Terms: Rostral/Caudal
Rostral: Towards the snout Caudal: moving down towards are tail. It curves in the head The nose is rostral to vertebra in mid back The tailbone is caudal to our ears Only used in the axial of your body not limbs Everything behind the top of head Dorsal
32
Superficial/deep
Superficial: Surface Deep: Towards the center Skin is superficial to organs organs are deep to skin
33
Unilateral
One side of body
34
Bilateral
Two sides: has to be the same structure | Right/left leg
35
Contralateral
Opposite side of body Right arm, left leg right trunk, left leg
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Ipsilateral
Same side of body | Right face, right leg
37
Planes of body: Sagittal Plane
A plan divides infinitely anterior and infinitely posterior. Divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts Midsagittal plane - divides the body into equal left and right part Example, bicep curl, lunge
38
Motion in Sagittal Plane: Flexion and Extension
Flexion: joint angle gets smaller Shoulder: Straight line Knee: kicking back Neck: looking down ``` Extension: making the joint angle larger Makes a joint angle larger Knees straightens out Straightening elbow Neck: looking up ```
39
Plane of body: Front/Coronal Plane
Infinitely runs left and right. Divides body into anterior and posterior part For ex, cut half head anterior and the other half is posterior (back of head) No mid coronal or mid frontal bc there's no mirror image For ex, CTI image coronal section: shoulders, lungs, liver which way was the image cut? Jumping jack, srugging shoulders
40
Movement in Coronal/Frontal plane: Abduction and Adduction
ABduction: arms and legs moves away from body in coronal plane ADduction: adding arms and legs back/towards to the body
41
Planes of the body: Transverse
Horizontal/axial plane Cuts body and top into superior and inferior body parts No mid or mid axial bc the top and half bottom is different
42
Movement in Transverse plane: External and Internal Rotation
``` Rotation in horizontal plane Internal rotation (medial rotation) - rotating in towards the body External rotation (lateral rotation) - rotating away from the body ```
43
Dorsal Body Cavity
``` Split into Cranial Cavity (Brain) Verteral Cavity (spinal) ```
44
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic Cavity = Heart and lung Diaphragm Pleural Cavity = heart Pelvic Cavity
45
Common Anatomical Prefixes: A-An
without
46
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Dys
difficult, abnormal, excessive
47
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Epi
above
48
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Hyper
excessive or above
49
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Hypo
low or below
50
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Infra
below
51
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Inter
between
52
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Meat
passage
53
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Pre
before
54
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Rect
straight
55
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Super
above or over
56
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Ter
round or smooth
57
Common Anatomical Prefixes: Tuber
lump or bump
58
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -Ase
enzyme
59
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -cyte
cell
60
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -itis
inflammation
61
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -oid
resembling
62
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -oma
tumor
63
Common Anatomical Suffixes: -poiesis
formation

Biology 108 (24 decks)

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