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Biology 108 > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Gross Anatomy

A

Anything we can see visually with the naked eye. For example, looking at structures on your face

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2
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Microscopic Anatomy

A

Only see with an aid of microscope or any some other device that will amplify the image

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3
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Regional Anatomy

A

Utilize in graduate courses and looking at one part of the body and all the systems in that body part.
For example, the hand: studying the skin, arteries, muscles and nerves.

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4
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Systemic Anatomy *

A

*Mostly focus

Systems of body for example, cardio vascular system, skeletal system, the nervous system and muscular system.

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5
Q

Levels of Anatomy: Surface Anatomy

A

Used by clinician, what is on the surface of the body we can see.
For example, touching on this spot, feel artery or pulse.

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6
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 1. Chemical or Molecular level

A

Lowest level of structural organization is called Chemical or Molecular level. Deals with atoms, molecules, and proteins (macro molecules). All things that are smaller than a cell, they fit into a cell.

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7
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 2. Cellular Level

A

Individually molecules can be put together and make up cells which are the smallest functional unit of our body.

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8
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 3. Tissue

A

Put multiple cells together typically when they are put together they have similar/common function They become tissue

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9
Q

Types of Tissue: Epithelial Tissue

A

Makes the linings and covers of the body for example skin

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10
Q

Types of Tissue: Muscle Tissue

A

Muscle Tissues

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11
Q

Types of Tissue: Connective Tissue

A

Which connects things in the body

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12
Q

Types of Tissue: Nervous Tissue

A

Nervous system

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13
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 4. Organ

A

Two or more tissues together = organ

For example, blood vessels, arteries and veins = organ

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14
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 5. Organ System

A

Put different organs together and working together for the same common function.
Like Cardio Vascular system: Made up of heart, veins and arteries and the commonalities between all are they all participate in the same function which is moving blood through the body.

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15
Q

Levels of Structural Organization: 6. Organism

A

Take all the different organs in our body and have the organism. Can’t function without one of them.

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16
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Starting point of localization of different body parts to each other. Feet are together, back is straight, and hands facing forward

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17
Q

Regional Anatomical Terms: Axial

A

Head, Neck,
Trunk: 1. Thorax 2. Diaphram 3. Abdomen 4. Pelvic Region
Perinenum -area between your legs around your anus

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18
Q

Appendicular Region: Cephalic

A

Head

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19
Q

Appendicular Region: Cervical

A

Neck

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20
Q

Appendicular Region: Abdominal

A

Belly

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21
Q

Appendicular Region: Pelvic

A

Near Pelvis

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22
Q

Appendicular Region: Thoracic

A

Thoracic Region

thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs

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23
Q

Appendicular Region: Public

A

Genitals

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24
Q

Appendicular Region: Pedal

A

Feet

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25
Q

Directional Terms: Superior/Inferior

A

Superior - towards the head
Inferior - Moving down towards the feet
Your head is superior to your pelvis
Your pelvis is inferior to your head

Lying on back: Supine
Lying on stomach: Prone Position

Gravity- the belly button is superior to spine or your spine is inferior to your belly button (if you’re lying down in supine)

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26
Q

Directional Terms: Medial/Lateral

A

Imagine a dotted line
Medial - towards mid line
Lateral - away from the midline

My right arm is lateral to my belly button.
My belly button is medial to my right arm

27
Q

Directional Terms: Proximal and Distal

A

Only use with the limbs and appendages

Proximal closer to the Trunk
Distal closer to extremities - finger tips and toes are furtherest away
Don’t use them in Trunk

For example, the fingers are distal to the shoulders, the shoulders are proximal to the fingers
the knees are proximal to the ankles
the ankles are distal to the knees

28
Q

Directional Terms: Side body Anterior (Ventral) and Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Anterior towards front of the body
Posterior towards back of body

The belly button is anterior to the spine
the spine is posterior to the belly button

29
Q

Directional Terms: Hands

A

Towards the palm (volar): Palmer
Towards the back of hand: Dorsal

The skin of the palm is palmer to the bones of the hand. The finger nails are dorsal to the bones of the hand

30
Q

Directional Terms: Foot

A

Plantar: bottom of foot

Dorsal (volar): top of foot

31
Q

Directional Terms: Rostral/Caudal

A

Rostral: Towards the snout
Caudal: moving down towards are tail. It curves in the head
The nose is rostral to vertebra in mid back
The tailbone is caudal to our ears
Only used in the axial of your body not limbs

Everything behind the top of head Dorsal

32
Q

Superficial/deep

A

Superficial: Surface
Deep: Towards the center

Skin is superficial to organs
organs are deep to skin

33
Q

Unilateral

A

One side of body

34
Q

Bilateral

A

Two sides: has to be the same structure

Right/left leg

35
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of body
Right arm, left leg
right trunk, left leg

36
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of body

Right face, right leg

37
Q

Planes of body: Sagittal Plane

A

A plan divides infinitely anterior and infinitely posterior.
Divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts

Midsagittal plane - divides the body into equal left and right part

Example, bicep curl, lunge

38
Q

Motion in Sagittal Plane: Flexion and Extension

A

Flexion: joint angle gets smaller
Shoulder: Straight line
Knee: kicking back
Neck: looking down

Extension: making the joint angle larger 
Makes a joint angle larger
Knees straightens out 
Straightening elbow 
Neck: looking up
39
Q

Plane of body: Front/Coronal Plane

A

Infinitely runs left and right.
Divides body into anterior and posterior part
For ex, cut half head anterior and the other half is posterior (back of head)

No mid coronal or mid frontal bc there’s no mirror image

For ex, CTI image coronal section: shoulders, lungs, liver
which way was the image cut?

Jumping jack, srugging shoulders

40
Q

Movement in Coronal/Frontal plane: Abduction and Adduction

A

ABduction: arms and legs moves away from body in coronal plane
ADduction: adding arms and legs back/towards to the body

41
Q

Planes of the body: Transverse

A

Horizontal/axial plane
Cuts body and top into superior and inferior body parts

No mid or mid axial bc the top and half bottom is different

42
Q

Movement in Transverse plane: External and Internal Rotation

A 
Rotation in horizontal plane 
Internal rotation (medial rotation)  - rotating in towards the body 
External rotation (lateral rotation) - rotating away from the body
43
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A 
Split into Cranial Cavity (Brain)
Verteral Cavity (spinal)
44
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity = Heart and lung
Diaphragm
Pleural Cavity = heart
Pelvic Cavity

45
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: A-An

A

without

46
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Dys

A

difficult, abnormal, excessive

47
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Epi

A

above

48
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Hyper

A

excessive or above

49
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Hypo

A

low or below

50
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Infra

A

below

51
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Inter

A

between

52
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Meat

A

passage

53
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Pre

A

before

54
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Rect

A

straight

55
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Super

A

above or over

56
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Ter

A

round or smooth

57
Q

Common Anatomical Prefixes: Tuber

A

lump or bump

58
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -Ase

A

enzyme

59
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -cyte

A

cell

60
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -itis

A

inflammation

61
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -oid

A

resembling

62
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -oma

A

tumor

63
Q

Common Anatomical Suffixes: -poiesis

A

formation

Biology 108 (24 decks)

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