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Theriogenology > Reproductive Management of the Broodmare > Flashcards

Reproductive Management of the Broodmare Flashcards

1
Q

How do we manipulate seasonality?

A

shift the breeding season back

shorten vernal transition

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2
Q

How do we advance the breeding season?

A

Photostimulation

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3
Q

How do we shorten vernal transition?

A 
photostimulation and hormones
sulpride/domperidone
P4/progestagens
progestins/E2
GnRH/analogues (deslorelin)
eFSH
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4
Q

What date are we trying to have foals for?

A

January 1

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5
Q

What is the challenge in advancing the breeding season?

A

if you let go back into anestrus, a lot harder to bring back

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6
Q

What is a risk of bringing a mare back from anestrus?

A

EED - becuase no CL to provide P4 for the first 70 days.

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7
Q

What does combining light and hormones do in mares?

A

shortens time from initiation tx to ovulation

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8
Q

HOw much light promotes transition and for how long

A

14-16 hrs total light with 200 W bulb for 60-90 days

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9
Q

When is the best time to start light treatment?

A

5-7 weeks before dec 21

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10
Q

what is the deal with flash lighting and all day lighting?

A

flash lighting is great (at 9.5 hr after sunset)

You CAN”T light all day though

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11
Q

what are the new methods for photostimulations?

A

low intensity blue light

masks with a light in the right eye?

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12
Q

How does domperidone and sulpiride work and what are their uses?

A

dopamine antagonist which increases prolactin –> increase FSH/LH –> follicle maturation, ovulation
also stimulates lactation

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13
Q

When does domperidone/sulpiride work the best?

A

when mare in transition (22 days until ovulation)
with light
increasing temp

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14
Q

Which (Sulpiride/domperidone) is used more and more efficacious?

A

sulp is better and used more

domp is easier to get

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15
Q

How long does ovulation take using sulp in transition and anestrus?

A

22 days

50-60 days

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of the progestins?

A

induce LH receptors on the follicle –> ovulation

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17
Q

What is the downfall of the progestins?

A

need a large follicle

ovulation is unpredictable

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18
Q

What are the progestin names?

A

altrenogest (Regumate), progesterone in oil (but has IS reactions)

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of the progestins+estradiol? Downfall?

A

E2 causes LH surge but suppresses the FSH. then the PRogestin will increase LH sensitivity.
Here again, need a large follicle

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20
Q

What was the deal with eFSH

A

stimulates the follicles. Give with HCG on the last of 15 days. Effective but no longer available

21
Q

What does GnRH do and how is it done?

A

induces ovulation, given via mini pump or SQ implant

22
Q

What are the downfalls of GnRH use?

A

costly, needs long, frequent tx, which dose, route, etc?

23
Q

What is Deslorelin and what are it’s claim?

A

GnRH analogue –> injectable and will pull a mare out from anestrus.
Cheap and effective.
Shortens vernal and advances breeding season

24
Q

How are the different ways that we manipulate the normal cyclicity?

A 
shorten luteal phase
lengthen the luteal phase
shorten follicualr (induce ovulation)
synchronize estrus
Modify sexual behaviour
25
Q

How do PGF2a (Prostaglandins) shorten the luteal phase? How does it work?

A

induces luteolysis on a fully functional CL 5 days after ovulations. Then it will enter estrus in 1-9 days later

26
Q

What is the challenge with PGF2a’s

A

need to know where they are in the cycle

even then, it is hard to know when they will come in again

27
Q

When is the mare not responsive to PGF2a tx?

A

the first 5 days of diestrus

28
Q

What are the ways that we can use PGF2a?

A
  1. to induce estrus - give 5-6 days after ovulation
    OR 3-5 days after standing estrus
  2. Give any time in 5 day increments until estrus
  3. To catch a foal heat –> give 5 days after ovulation
  4. with a persistent CL
  5. Synchronize - 2 doses 14-18 days apart
  6. give on the last day of P4 Tx to induce estrus
29
Q

Products of PGF2a for shortening luteal phase

A

Lutalyse - dinoprost tromethamine
Estrumate - cloprostenol

Lutalyse is the labelled product so we should be using that but estrumate works very well and almost better

30
Q

Side effects of lutalyse

A

sweating and colic

31
Q

What can be a problem with the PGF2as?

A
  1. if you give when atresia, the E2 will decrease and then it will ovulate a lot later.
  2. If there is a CL with a big follicle, may spontaneously induce estrus. Then the new CL won’t be responsible again
  3. Risk HAF
32
Q

Indications for lengthening the luteal phase

A

to delay the foal heat
prevent estrus
Synchronize for ET and AI

33
Q

What are some progestin products for lengthening the luteal phase?

A

Altrenogest - Regumate (labelled)
Progesterone in oil
CIDR
Long acting Progesterone

34
Q

Indications for inducing ovulation

A

minimize breedings, inseminations per cycle
to correlate with semen for AIing
timed breeding protocols

35
Q

What drugs will induce ovulation?

A

hCG and deslorelin - implant or injectable

36
Q

What are some side effects of hCG and Deslorelin?

A

hCG - Ig formation when chronic

Des - will suppress ovulation for a little while after.

37
Q

How do some people use the ovulation induction products?

A

they will sometimes kep the implant in for 3 days and then take them out. not used really anymore.

38
Q

For estrus synchronization, what do we want for ET mares?

A

we want the recip to ovulate 0-2days after the donor mare

39
Q

So how do we go out about synchronizing mares?

A

3 recips for each donor. Those with a big follicle should just induce ovulation with hCG or des

Then we give REgumate for 10-14 days
give PG on the last day as well.
OR
give the Progestins+E2 will be better yet then PG on last day

40
Q

How do you superovulate mares?

A

eFSH - will recruit more than one follicle. but can’t get n Canada
5 days after ovulation, give eFSH until 35 mm follicle and PG on day 7. breed 36-48 hours later

41
Q

What is the best ET/superovulation protocol?

A

prog/est until 20 mm, then start eFSH until a dominant follicle develops and should get better quality embryos. Match to the recips. Can use ovariectomized mares

42
Q

What are the ways to suppress sexual behaviour?

A 
altrenogest
P4
LA Regumate - comp
     - these don't stop ovarian activity
Progestin + E2 - will stop ovarian activity
Oxytocin - high dose twice a day tho
induce diestrus ovulation
IU marbles - endometritis
Anti-GnRH vaccine - effective
ovariectomy
43
Q

How to induce estrus in an ovariectomized mare

A

ECP (E 17 beta) - 30% effective - 1 per 3 mares will work

44
Q

How to induce lactation (and if fescue tox)?

A

DOmperidone

45
Q

How do you induce lactation?

A

Give Sulp and E2 and Regumate –> 7 days later will be milk.

Give sulp again 23 days later

46
Q

What do we have labelled for high risk pregnancies?

A

NO progestins labelled but still use altrenogest

47
Q

What are some of the high risk preg situations?

A 
true CL deficiency
when they just can't carry to term
when the vesicles are smaller and can't inhibit PGF2a and luteolysis
may need supplementation until eCG
long term placentitis
48
Q

what drug is used for management of high risk pregos

A

regumate (altrenogest) at double the dose

Theriogenology (14 decks)

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