Assisted Reproductive Technology Flashcards
Challenges with using AI CTS
- need to synchronize ovulation with semen availability (if the stallion is showing or something)
- When going through customs may take a while
- need to monitor the mare like crazy
- increasing regulation around these things
How long is the frozen semen fertile window and why?
12 hours
F/T precapacitation shortens longevity
How is Frozen Semen better than CTS?
availability of semen - not during peak
don’t need to check mares 4X a day
What is the problem with Frozen Semen AI?
success rates are lower
What is common to see with frozen semen AI?
post-insemination endometritis
success rates of natural service, shipped.cooled, frozen, ET, oocste transfer
75%, 70%, 50%, 35%, 20% (IVF lower)
Why is ET in high demand for horses?
produce offspring while still in the ring.
multiple foals and sires per year
gives sub-fertile mares the ability to reproduce
basic process of ET
insemination into the donor mare
uterine flush 6-8 hours later
recover embryo and put in recip
what are ET success rates?
half ovulations recover an embryo, 65% of those live (35%)
What do you assess embryos for ET
Grades 1-5
Grade 1 - spherical, uniform cell shape/size
Grade 2- minor imperf/irregular shape
Grade 3 - extruded blastomeres/degen cells/collapsed blastocele
Grade 4 - ICM appears viable but thats all
Grade 5 - totally degen. but still put in just in case
What embryo qualities should be present to freeze embyros?
Limitations to ET
can’t superovulate mares so one at a time
costly
anatomical problems - endometrial degen/blocked uterine tubes/severe medical MSK problems
Where is it best to inseminate with hysteroscopic insemination?
the uterotubular junction. Make sure it is on the same side that ovulated!!!!
How is deep horn insemination better than hyesteroscopic?
it is a lot less invasive and easier.
How is sexed semen developed and what are some limitations? When best used?
best used in fresh semen and combined with low dose insemination.
only 1000cells/s thorugh the modular flow cytometer.
Available for fresh and CTS though.
What is the equine cloning success rate?
0.7%
What are the two low dose insem techniques??
Hysteroscopic
Deep horn insemination
How can oocytes be recovered from mares
transvaginal follicle aspiration
flank aspiration
What is the procedure after oocytes are recovered from a mare
culturing may or may not happen
- put in recip mare with GIFT (egg and sperm at the same time)
- plain oocyte transfer then insem or bred
- IVF - ICSI on the plate then put in the embryo
What are the doses needed of PMMNs for AI for minimum breeding doses for fresh on farm, CTS, and Frozen (10^6 PMMN cells)
Fresh - 100-200
CS - 200-500
Frozen - 800 (and >30% post thaw motility
What is the recommended minimum breeding dose of motile sperm packaged?
1 *10^9
What should we avoid in mares getting AI’ed? Why?
inseminations
deslorelin
hCG
because it allows for minimal contamination in subfertile mares
