Mare BSE Flashcards
OBjective of th Mare BSE
to determine the mares’ potential of conceiving and carrying to term
reasons for a mare’s BSE
prepurchase sub-fertility in older mares breeding management decisions post-foaling trauma unexplained infertility behaviour changes not cycling funny findings like large ovaries, tumors, or adhesions
Components of the Mare’s BSE
Presenting complaint complete history PE External genitalia rectal palp/US vaginal exam with speculum exfoliative endometrial cytoloty or culture endometrial biopsy hysteroscopy, others if needed
important parts of a reproductive history
yrs barren and foaled
problems with birthing
treatments for repro stuff
External genitalia exam includes
slope/position of vulva to anus seal of vestibulovaginal junction 1/3 and 2/3 rule (2/3 below) EHV 3 lesions melanomas scars Sarcoids mammary glands **** overlooked
Most important part of the caslick’s vulvoplasty
reminding teh clients to take them out before foaling
PNeumonvagina risk factors, and progression
age gets worse and bad conformation
air in vagina –> fecal contamination of repro tract –> vaginitis –> endometritis, placentitis, urine pooling, discomfort
What are we looking for on rectal/US
pregnancy tone feeling of ovaries uterine edema (0-4) free intrauterine fluid (0-4) cysts
Basicall, what will tell us lymphatic cyst vs. pregnancy
for the size of the cyst, there should be fetal membranes present. An early pregnancy won’t be the diameter of the cyst
How is the exfoliative endometrial cytology sample taken?
with double-sheathed swab
clean hand, dirty hand
low volume lavage
What are we looking for on the endometrial cytology?
Neutrophils
debris
bacterial counts
other organisms (candida)
What % neutrophils corresponds to: non-inflammatory, mild inflammation, moderate inflmmation and severe inflammation on endometrial cytology
30%
Debris is measure how? and what are the parameters for each grade>?
on 1000X 1-25 2-50 3-75 4->75%
What numbers of bacteria for the scores are correspond to grades 1-5
1 - 0/30 2 - 1/30 3 - 1/10 4 - 2-10/1 5 - 11-50/1
What is endometrial culture/cytology classified as and what are theparameters for that?
Healthy, infected, questionable
healthy - neg culture, 25% debris
infected - pure growth, >5% neuts, >25% debris
Endometrial cytology/culture false positive is
when positive culture and no cytology to back it = contamination
Endometrial cytology/culture false negative is
negative culture but evidence on cytology
Endometrial cytology/culture true positive
culure positive, >5 neuts, >25 debris, moderate bacteria
Objectives of the endoetrial biopsy
estimate likelihoo of carrying to term
What is so great about the endometrial biopsy? what are the downfalls?
gold standard to detect inflammation
can be use for culture and can imprint for cytology
need restraint because it is painful
What is the Kenny Doig really good at and not so good at?
good - either really good or really bad (1, 3)
bad - doesn’t address glandular density or lymphatic dilation, the middle regions 2a, b are not predictive for estimation
Conditions when you see an enlarged ovary and what are some characterisitics?
- transitional follicles - big follicles in big ovary
- Persistant Anovulatory Foll. (PAF, HemAF) - whenever, except anestrus, can delay return to estrus
- Accessory corpus lutea - from d40-120, but on both sides. self-limiting and bilateral
- Ovarian Tumors like Gran theca cell
How to Tx PAF or HAF
P and E
PG curative for the luteinized follicles
Who do we see GTC tumors in and when
any age
can be in anestrus
How do you Dx GTC tumor?
AMH and GTCT panel
biopsy
clinical signs - nymphomania, contralateral small ovary
DDx of GTC tumor
teratoma, cystadenoma, dysgerminoma
