Reproductive Drugs Flashcards
Primary Oocytes
Arrested in prophase I
LH
Causes follicular rupture, ovulation and resumption of meiosis to metaphase II
inhibin
produced by granulosa cells(of follicle) inhibits FSH secretion, but not LH
FSH
Leads to follicular growth and Estradiol secretion, stimulated by GNRH
LH
stimulated by GnRH, leads to ovulation, and acts on Leydig cells in males to produce testosterone.
Follicular phase
phase of building up the follicle prior to ovulation, days 1-14
Luteal phase
corpus luteum after ovulation, days 15-28
Contractions in pregnancy
inhibited by progesterone, estrogen increases oxytocin receptors, prostaglandins cause uterine contraction
Oxytocin
Produced in the posterior pituitary, causes smooth muscle contraction, and milk ejection
Prolactin
Causes maintenance of lactation. inhibited by dopamine
Clomiphene Citrate
Estrogen antagonist which induces GnRH release causing FSH, LH secretion to cause folliculogenesis. Selective estrogen receptor modulator. Used for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
AE: multiple fetuses, hot flashes, ovarian hyperstimulation
Menotropins
injected, increases FSH and LH activity, causing ovulation
Urofolitropin
Injected, increases FSH activity
Leuprolide
Synthetic GnRH, nonpulsatile administration, suppresses FSH and LH after a transient rise. paired with clomiphene to stimulate follicle production
Ganirelix
GnRH antagonist, suppreses release, prevents LH surge, used in prosate and breast cancer to inhibit steroid production, no transient increase in LH and FSH.
Natural Estrogens
17 B estradiol, estrone, Estriol. Development, growth, of sex accessory tissue, regulator of the HP Ovarian axis maintaining the menstral cycle. Causes sodium and water retention, increased HDL, decreased LDL
Ethiyl estradiol
Orally active estrogen, used in combination with progestins, interferes with LH surge and ovulation.
Tamoxifen
Estrogen Antagonist in most tissues, but agonist in uterus, bone, lipoproteins
AE: N/V rash, hot flashes, thromboembolic events, endometrial cancer
Raloxifene
Estrogen receptor agonist in bone, antagonist in breast and uterus: used for ER+ breast cancer treatment and prevention
Toremifene
Estrogen antagonist in breast, used for breast cancer treatment, No effect in bone, agonist in uterus.
SERD
Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator
Fulvestrant
Pure estrogen Antagonist, IM injectioin, used for ER+ breast cancer,
AE: GI disturbances, hot flashes, thromboembolism
Aromatase Inhibitors
Steroidal/nonsteroidal,
reversible/ nonreversible
Anastrozole
Nonsteroidal, reversible Aromatase inhibitor
Letrozole
Nonsteroidal, reversible aromatase inhibitor
Exemestane
Steroidal, nonreversible aromatase Inhibitor
Medroxyprogesterone
Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation
Norethindrone
Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation
Levonorgestrel
Plan B Progestin Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation. More potent
Mifepristone
weak anti-Progesterone used as emergency contraception, preventing ovulation. larger doses acts as an abortefacient when combined with misoprostol. Interferes with ovulation
Ulipristal Acetate
Progesterone antagonist used as emergency contraception up to 5 days later,and as an abortefacient. Prevents or Delays ovulation
