Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
Metformin
Down regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid lowering,
AE: lactic acidosis
Insulin receptor
tyrosine kinase
amylin
created in B cell with insulin, inhibits glucagon secretion, induces satiety
Glucagon receptor
G- protein receptor
Glut 4
activated by insulin
Glut 2
pancreatic islet cells, bidirectional
Glimepiride
Insulin secretagogues, bind to K channel closing it and releasing more insulin. sulfonylurea
Lispro insulin
rapid acting insulin, short duration
NPH Insulin
Intermediate acting insulin
Glargine insulin
long acting insulin, stable levels
Detemir Insulin
Long acting insulin, stable levels
Repaglinide
Insulin secretagoue, K channel blocker leading to insulin release
Nateglinide
Insulin secretagoue, K channel blocker leading to insulin release
Exenatide
(Incretin mimic) GLP-1 analog stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon
Sitagliptin
DDP-IV inhibitor, prevent incretin degredation -> promotes insulin release
Acarbose
Glucosidase inhibitor, prevents carbohydrates from being broken down into monosaccharides, slows digestion, taken with meals,
Miglitol
Glucosidase inhibitor, prevents carbohydrates from being broken down into monosaccharides, slows digestion, taken with meals,
Pramlintide
Amylin receptor agonist, inhibits glucagon release and increases satiety
Rosiglitazone
Increased uptake and storage of glucose in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues by increasing GLUT transporters
Glipizide
Insulin secretagogues, bind to K channel closing it and releasing more insulin. sulfonylurea
Liraglutide
(Incretin mimic) GLP-1 analog stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon
Diagnosis of Diabetes
Fasting glucose greater than 126 on more than 1 occasion, or random blood glucose >200 with symptoms or A1C >6.5%
Hemoglobin A1C target
<8% in the elderly
Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis
at least 3) waistline> 40men, 35 women, BP> 135/80, Triglycerides>150, fasting blood glucose>100 or taking medications to lower glucose, HDL< 40men, <50 women
