REPRODUCTIVE & DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
female secreting endometrium- what cycle is she in?
luteal
Which organ doesn’t make estrogen?
a. graafian follicle
b. corpus luteum
c. adrenal meduall
d. theca interna
c. adrenal meduall
adrenal CORTEX secretes estrogen, the medulla secretes catecholamine
which is an intracellular receptor?
estrogen
what does an intracellular receptor include?
steroid, estrogen, progesterone, vitamin D derivatives
which of the following acts as nuclear receptor?
Vitamin D
nuclear receptors include what?
endogenous hormones, Vitamin A & D
What hormone promotes spermatogenesis?
FSH
FSH promotes follicle development in females & stimulates what?
stimulates Sertoli cells to produce androgen-bind protein, which stimulates spermatogenesis
LH promotes what in males and what in females?
promotes testosterone in males
promotes estrogen production in females
Granulosa cells of females are similar to what cells found in males?
Sertoli Cells
Sertoli cells help with ________ in the ___________ tubules, activated by FSH
help with spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, activated by FSH
Where is testosterone made?
Leydig cells
Which is not in seminiferous tubules?
Leydig cell (found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in interstitial tissues, regulated by LH)
Sperm stored/ mature in ?
epididymis
What sustains the corpus luteum after the 1st trimester
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin made by placenta allows what?
allows the corpus luteum to maintain high progesterone
Immunoglobulin transfer from mother to fetus
IgG via placenta
cell cycle immediately after fertilization
Meiosis II
What is not transcriptionally active?
Heterochormatin (highly condensed, still zipped up in chromosome)
What phase is most variable in duration of the cell cycle?
G1
What stage is DNA synthesis in the cell cycle?
S
Histones are synthesized in which phase of the cell cycle?
S phase
Hepatocytes from what embryonic tissue
endoderm
Describe endoderm?
gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, thyroid, thymus, endocrine glands & organs, auditory system, Urinary system, Liver, Pancreas
Describe Ectoderm
epithelium of skin, nervous tissue
Describe Mesoderm
connective tissue, bone, cartilage, blood cells, all muscles (cardiac, smooth, skeletal), body cavities and some cardiovascular and urinary systems
Ureter in kidney
mesoderm
what are symptoms of Trisomy 21 (down syndrome)?
Wide neck, Flat nose, small mouth
Klinefelter syndrome
47: XXY
Turners Syndrome
45: XO
What is the name of the cellular mass after fertilization but before implantation?
blastula
Which stage of the zygote does implantation on the uterus occur?
Blastocyst
The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of what embryological structure?
fetal left ductus arteriosus
What does the Ductus arteriosus do?
connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta to bypass the fetal lungs, doesn’t disappear immediately after birth
What goes with ligamentum arteriosum?
left recurrent laryngeal N
Ligamentum venosum comes from what?
Ductus venosus
Shunts left umbilical vein blood directly to the ?
inferior vena cava, bypass liver
what is the ligamentum teres?
remnant of umbilical vein on the liver
Structure present in fetal heart that allows blood to pass from right to left atrium?
Fossa ovalis (remnant of fetal foramen ovale)
Crista terminalis is located where?
on the Right Atrium
It is the junction between the sinus venosus & __________in the embryo
sinus & venosus & the heart in the embryo
