RANDOM & ENZYMES & AA Flashcards
what does Cytochrome P450 do?
Present in all tissues of the body & help w/ hormone synthesis/breakdown, cholesterol synthesis, Vit D metabolism
Metabolize toxic compounds, mostly in liver
Enzyme: competitive inhibitor
increases Km & Vmax remains the same
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Km stays the same and Vmax is reduced
in cells, N-glycosylation occurs in where?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (in all cells)
N-glycosylation is the _________?
attachment of sugar glycan to nitrogen
Pyrimidine synthesis begins with what?
Ribose 5- phosphate
R5P does what?
result of pentose phosphate pathway, makes ribose for nucleotide synthesis & NAPD for fatty acid/steroid
What process makes NADPH?
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
Primary molecule for reduction biosynthesis?
NADPH
Purine metabolism intermediate & precursor of adenosine & guanine?
IMP (inosine monophosphate)
When taking away phosphate group from (named a nucleotide)?
Nucleoside
What’s the difference between thmidine & uracil?
Methyl group on thymine
What connects DNA?
Phosphodiester Bonds (bone- connects 2 amino acids)
What’s a small molecule that can’t elicit immune response on its own?
Hapten
What are Haptens?
antigenic determinants, but are too small to elicit the formation of antibodies themselves.
- can elicit immune response when attached to bigger molecules
What elicits an immune response when bound to carrier protein?
Hapten
Alpha helix & beta sheets form (2ndary protein structure) via?
hydrogen bonds
What is the main AA in the tertiary structure of protein?
Cysteine (disulfide bones)
What kind of force holds proteins in the lipid bilayer?
Hydrophobic Interaction
tRNA wobble is in the ___________ position of the condone
3rd position
Which one the plays an important role in detecting the starting condon (initiation) for RNA transcription?
Sigma Part
What determines protein turnover?
H-bonds & peptide bonds: breakdown & synthesis of proteins
Product of enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle?
Alpha-ketogluterate
In the amino acid metabolism, what are the 2 primary acceptors of amine groups?
OAA & alpha ketogluterate
What is the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)?
Phenylketonuria
Phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for what?
conversion of phenylalnine AA to another amino acid, tyrosine
what amino acid is associated with taste sensation of umami?
L-glutamate
What is the charge of glutamic acid at ph=1?
+2
what are the ketogenic amino acids?
Leucine & Lysine
Ketogenic AA can be degraded into what?
acetyl CoA, which is a precursor for ketone bodies
What is nissl body?
rough ER
What residues are phosphorylated to activate/deactivate an enzyme like glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphorylase?
Serine
If patient is on a low carb diet, he/she wants low levels of?
reduce production of insulin with low level of Malonyl CoA
Apoptosis?
Hormone dependent physiologic involution