KIDNEY Flashcards
What organ is found by the right kidney?
Colon
All of the following are in the kidney medulla EXCEPT?
Glomerulus (cortex)
In a healthy kidney, what does not get passed through?
Albumin & glucose (clearance = 0 mg/ml)
What cells line the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsules?
Podocytes
Most kidney reabsorption & ATP used in the nephron of kidney?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (Contain truncated pyramidal cells)
Where is the highest osmolality?
Loop of Henle in the medulla
Describe the Macula Densa
DCT (Sense NaCl concentration in thick ascending limb, can signal afferent arterioles to vasodilate & increase renin released from IG complex)
What would increase GFR?
Dilation of afferent arterioles in kidney
Which one is the best for GFR?
Inulin
Kidney substance filtered & secreted. The clearance rate is
a. = inulin
b. > inulin
c. < inulin
c. < inulin
What is Inulin?
Plant starch
filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted by any parts of the kidney = GFR
What is the para-aminohippurate (PAH) test used for?
Measure renal plasma flow
What is PAH?
freely filtered & secreted by the kidney= Renal Plasma Flow
Aldosterone is produced in the _________ & affects DCT
zona glomerulosa
If you inhibit ACE, what hormone is decreased?
Aldosterone
ADH is produced where?
Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus
ADH increases __________________/resorption at DCT by inserts Aquaporin-2 channels into the DCT & collecting duct epithelial cells
water permeability
Deficiency of ADH
dilute urine
What are the primary stones in gout?
Urate (uric acid) crystals (uric acid deposits in the joints)
What do you want to inhibit in a person with gout?
Xanthline Oxidase
Uric acid is an end product of ?
purine metabolism, specifically via xanthine metabolism
You could decrease plasma osmolarity by injecting serums?
ADH
What type of enzyme is FUmerase?
Isoenzyme
What is an intermediate of the UREA Cycle in mitochondria?
Orinthine
Fumerase/ fumarate connects urea cycle via?
TCA Cycle
- Hydration reaction
In the urea cycle, where does the Nitrogen come from?
ammonia & aspartate
What is an intermediate in the urea & precursor for ornithine?
Arginine
