Drugs Flashcards
Penicillin resistance comes from bacteria that contain what enzyme?
Beta-lactamarse
what does MOA of amoxicillin do?
Disrupts cell wall, & inhibits cross-linking between peptidoglycan chains for gram (+)/(-)
why doesn’t Amphotericin B work against bacteria?
Ergosterol (fungi have in cell wall, bacteria don’t)
Polyene anti-fungal are specific to fungus because?
it attacks the sterol that are present in fungi but not bacteria
Describe Aminoglycosides
binds to 30s ribosomes & inhibitsmRNA translation (protein synthesis, bactericidal)
What don’t you treat patients with penicillin & erythromycin?
Penicillin only works on growing cells
Describe Flurouracil
a pyrimidine analog, anti-neoplastic, interferes w/ DNA synthesis by blocking thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid
Describe Naproxen (Aleve)
a reversible non-seclutive COX inhibitor that is more potent than aspirin
What medication blocks prostaglandins
Aspirin
what does Aspirin do?
irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX 1 & 2) to decrease formation of precursor for Thromboxane A2 (a platelet aggregator that is released by blood platelets) & prostaglandins
Lab test for warfarin?
Prothrombin test (increases)
characteristics of Warfarin
anticoagulant, inhibits vitamin K reductase –> affecting extrinsic pathways & prothrombin conversion so (increase) prothrombin time (normal PPT & bleeding time) HAEMOPHILA HAS INCREASED
Sulfonamides compete with which molecule in their mechanism of action?
PABA to inhibit folic acid synthes therfore cannot make purines or pyrimidines
Sulfonamidies block dihydrofolate & block what?
Purine & pyrimidines synthesis
Detergent kills bacteria by interfering with what?
the function of the cell membrane (destroy fatty cell parts)
MOA of _______ is inhibition of Na/K ATPase that causes an increase in inracelluar Na levels
digoxin
What medication is a DNA gyrase inhibitor?
Ciprofloxacin
Fluroquinolone end in what?
-oxacins
MOA of clindamycin?
inhibits 50s ribosome
Main side effect of clindamycin
pseudomembranous colitis (diarrhea)
Rifampin works as a _________
RNA synthesis Inhibitor TX of TB
Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent _________ which stops mRNA transcription
RNA-Polymerase
What is the most common bacterial vaccine given in the US?
DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis)
What is the vaccine for Bordertella pertussis (whopping cough)?
Killed vaccine
Liven attenuated vaccine (ex: Polio sabin vaccine) is ___________
active immunity
Sabin (oral/attenuated/ alive) vs saIK(injection of killed bacteria)
Polio vaccines
MOA of Viagra does what?
Inhibits cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), which regulates blood flow into the penis
All will depress respiration EXCEPT?
a. General Anesthesia
b. Nitrous Oxide
c. Cocaine
c. Cocaine
