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Packet Info > LUNGS & BLOOD > Flashcards

LUNGS & BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation & exhalation when no extra effort is applied (500mg)

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2
Q

what is Vital Capacity?

A

IRV+ERV+TV

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3
Q

what is residual volume

A

air remaining after max exhalation

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4
Q

Pressure on a mountain is 250 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

A

50 mm Hg

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5
Q

Describe the Epithelium of respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

what is used to prevent overinflation?

A

stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex) of the lung is carried by vagus nerve (CN 10)

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7
Q

What produces mucous in lungs?

A

Clara cells (nonciliated bronchiolar secretory cells that make GAGs to protect bronchiole lining)

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8
Q

Obstructive lung disease

A

compliance goes up

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9
Q

what is characterized by increased resistance to airflow, decreased elasticity, and increases compliance?

A

Obstructive Lung Disease

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10
Q

What is characterized by low lung volumes, and slightly higher than normal expiatory flow rate, decreased compliance?

A

Restrictive lung disease

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11
Q

in which can we see more squamous epithelial metaplasia?

A

Bronchus (ANOTHER SOURCE SAID ESOPHAGUS)

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12
Q

Which organ most likely to undergo red infraction?

A

Lung

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13
Q

What do white and red infract affect?

A 
White infract: affects solid organs (ex: spleed, heart, and kidney)
Red infract (hemorrhagic infract): affects lungs & other loose organs like testis, ovary
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14
Q

what can emphysema lead to?

A

respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

Hyperventation causes what?

A

alkalosis

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16
Q

metabolic acidosis is caused by what?

A

hyperventilation

17
Q

what is RUB MUB?

A

Respiratory Uses Bicarb, Metabolic Uses Breathing

18
Q

After metabolic or respiratory acidosis, which abnormality of electrolytes is more likely?

A

hyperkalemia

19
Q

When is intrapleural pressure the most negative?

A

end of expiration

20
Q

when is alveoli pressure the most negative?

A

Beginning of inhalation

21
Q

what kind of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx region

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

22
Q

Infant has trouble breathing, what cells are causing problems?

A

Type 2 Pnuemocytes

23
Q

what describes oxygen transport?

A

Bohr effect

24
Q

what is true about myoglobin?

A

Graph is hyperbolic (hemoglobin= sigmoidal)

25
Q

What does carotid body measure?

A

partial pressure of O2

26
Q

Carbon monoxide (CO) decreases _____________ content but _________ is normal

A

O2 content but PO2 is normal

27
Q

Patient is on nitrous, best way to measure efficiency?

A

Reserve minute volume

28
Q

Mineral for coagulation

A

Zinc & Ca+

29
Q

What carries iron in the plasma?

A

Transferrin

30
Q

Prothrombin acts with which one to form thrombin?

A

Ca2+

31
Q

Prothrombin + Ca+/Pl/Factor 10a

A

thrombin (liver)

32
Q

what is the substrate of thrombin?

A

fibrinogen

33
Q

if we put RBC in hypotonic solution

A

hemolysis

34
Q

blood type: Anti- A & anti-B both agglutinate. What blood type is it?

A

AB

35
Q

Which one of these helps in the retraction of blood clots

A

Factor XIII (breaks down the clot)

36
Q

Boy bleeds during extraction, his maternal uncle & male cousin have same problem. What factor is involved?

A

Factor VIII (Hemophilia A & sex-linked)

37
Q

Why does Hemophilia B happen?

A

Factor 9 deficiency

38
Q

Why does Hemophilia C happen?

A

Factor 11 deficiency (also, it isn’t sex linked)

39
Q

how is Factor VIII characterized?

A

by having Prolong Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) & Normal PT/ bleeding time

Packet Info (34 decks)

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