reproductive anatomy Flashcards
greater pelvis men and female
F: thin and light
M:Deep
Lesser Pelvis men and female
F: wide and shallow
M: narrow and deep
pelvic inlet M/F
F: oval
M: heart shaped
pelvic outlet M/F
F: large
M: small
subpubic angle M/F
F: obtuse
M:acute
obturator foramen M/F
F: oval
M:round
acetabulum M/F
F: small
M: large
sacroiliac joint type is
posterior is syndesmosis and anterior features of synovial
pubic symphysis joint type is
secondary cartilaginous
anterior inferior wall of the pelvis is formed by
the bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the pubic symphysis
which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall
obturator internus
which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis
piriformis
what nerve network lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis
sacral plexus
what are the perineal and anococcygeal bodies
fibrous medial bodies in the floor of the pelvis
list the two functions of the pelvic floor
control of defecation and urination and resists intrabdominal pressure
innervation of the pelvic floor is through
the pudendal nerve
cystoceole refers to
prolapsed bladder
rectocoele refers to
vagina wall herniation, prolapse
S+I vesical arteries distribution
bladder, seminal glands, and prostate in males
uterine artery distribution
ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, vagina, uterine tube
gonadal artery distribution
testicles and ovaries
middle and inferior rectal artery distribution
seminal gland, prostate and rectum
vaginal artery distribution
vagina and inferior bladder
internal pudendal artery distribution
main artery to perineum
obturator artery branch distribution
pelvic muscles, urinary bladder
Superior vesical artery branch of
the umbilical a.
I. vesical artery origin
A. I. iliac
uterine artery origin
A. I. iliac
gonadal origin
Abdominal artery
middle and inferior rectal artery origin
internal iliac
vaginal artery origin
uterine artery
internal pudendal artery origin
A I. iliac
obturator artery origin
internal iliac artery
venous drainage of the pelvic structures arise from
internal iliac veins, superior rectal vein, median sacral veins, gonadal veins, internal vertebral venous plexus
which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation
superior rectal vein
which parts of the rectum drain into the systemic circulation
inferior and middle rectal arteries
prostatic venous plexus veins arise form
the sides and base of the prostate
the posterior side of the prostatic venous plexus communicates with which venous plexus
internal vertebral plexus
the ilioinguinal nerve root origin
L1
ilioinguinal nerve pathway
enters the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin at the root of the penis and the labia of the female
the genitofemoral nerve originates at which root
L1 and L2
the genitofemoral nerve enters what structure
deep inguinal ring
what structures of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve are supplied in men
cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin
clinical significance of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve in men
elevates the testis
segmental value of the pudendal nerves
S2,S3,S4
bony landmark for the pudendal nerve
ischial spine of the pelvis
hypogastric plexus origins
L1, L2 sympathetic fibres and S2,s3,s4 parasympathetic fibres
hypogastric sympathetic fibres supply the (men)
vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in the males
female genital tract autonomic supply
sympathetic fibres from the pelvic and ovarian plexuses and parasympathetic fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic role in men and females (hypogastric)
erectile tissues in both male and female
external iliac lymph nodes drain
inguinal, pelvic viscera
internal iliac lymph nodes drain
gluteal region, deep perineum, and inferior pelvic viscera
sacral lymph nodes drain
posterior inferior pelvic viscera
common iliac lymph nodes drain
drainage from the three main external and internal and sacral lymph nodes
contents of the spermatic cord
epididymis, testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus
tough outer fibrous layer of the testis are called
tunica albuginea
what is the name of the peritoneal sac that covers the testis
tunica vaginalis
the two layers of the tunica vaginalis are
parietal and visceral
material present between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
small amount of fluid
hydrocele refers to
excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis
haematocele refers to
blood in the tunica vaginalis
at what vertebral levels does the testicular arteries arise?
L2
what are the two important structures the testicular arteries cross
ureters
inferior parts of the external iliacs
name of anastomosing veins associated with the testis
pampiniform venous plexus
function of the pampiform venous plexus
thermoregulatory
right testicular vein drains into
IVC
left testicular vein drains into
left renal vein
which lymph nodes drain the testis
pre-aortic and aortic (L+R)
vas deferens journey
arises from epididymis, via inguinal canal and crosses the E. I. vessels, terminates by joining duct of seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct
prostate secretions
enzymes, zinc, citric acid
bulbourethral glands are located
in the urogenital diaphragm
bulbourethral glands drain into
penile/spongey urethra
bulbourethral glands produce
lubricant, mucus
prostate lymphatic drainage
internal iliac and sacral nodes
seminal vesicle lymphatic drainage
iliac lymph node,. external covers the superior, internal covers the inferior
scrotum lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
penis lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes, deep and external iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes
testis histological description
convoluted tubules
4-8 layers of cells
spermatozoa in the lumen
Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between the tubules
prostate histological description
serous aveloi with infolding epithelium
trabeculae of muscular stroma
amorphous eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacea in the alveoli of older men
seminal vesicle histological description
no sperm In lumen
highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey combed appearance, well developed muscular externa
ductus deferens histological appearance
lumen stellate in shape, thick walled muscular tube, epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds
what three structures constitute the birth canal?
vulva, cervix, vagina
what are the three layers of the uterus?
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
the normal position of the uterus is
anteflexed and anteverted
posterior fornix relation
larger fornix located behind the cervix and close to the rectouterine pouch
the anterior fornix is close to
the vesico-uterine pouch
all the vaginal fornixes names
posterior, anterior and two lateral
ligament of ovary function
connects the ovary
name of all the ligamentous attachments for the uterus and cervix
ligament of ovary suspensory ligament of ovary round ligament of uterus broad ligament cardinal ligament
suspensory ligament of the ovary role
suspends ovary posterior to pelvic wall laterally
what is the alternative name for the cardinal ligament?
transverse cervical ligaments which extend from the cervix to lateral parts
the uterine tube consist of
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural or uterine part
the widest part of the uterine tube is the
ampulla
fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube
ampulla
cornual ectopic refers to
uterine implantation but ectopic, i.e. the muscular layer
uterus to ovary is connected by which ligament?
ligament of ovary
ovary to lateral pelvic wall is by which ligament?
suspensory ligament of ovary
blood supply to the gonads and genitalia are via two major branches from the aorta which are?
gonadal and internal iliac
at what vertebral level does the gonadal arteries arise?
L2
the ovarian artery journey
descends within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament
the ovarian artery anastomose with which artery?
uterine artery
left gonadal vein drains into
left renal vein
right gonadal vein drains into
IVC
the uterine artery crosses over what relevant structure?
ureter
the uterine artery crosses over the ureter at what anatomical point?
the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina
‘water under the bridge’ refers to
the crossing of the uterine artery over the ureter
a hysterectomy complication may result in
injury to the ureter
labia and distal vagina superior lymphatic drainage
internal and external iliac lymph nodes
labia and distal vagina middle lymphatic drainage
internal iliac lymph nodes
labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage
sacral and common iliac lymph nodes
labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
which group of lymph nodes drain from the ovaries?
right and left artic and lumbar lymph nodes
fundus and upper uterine body lymphatic drainage
pre-aortic group of lymph nodes
most part of uterine body lymphatic drainage
external iliac lymph nodes
uterine cervix and upper vagina lymphatic drainage
internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
lower vagina lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes, sacral and common iliac nodes
the breasts are..
highly modified sweat glands lying in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region
structure of the breasts
15-25 lobules with tubulo-acinar gland and stroma
breasts extend vertically from which ribs?
2nd to the 6th
breasts extend horizontally from
lateral border of the sternum to the lateral line
muscles deep to the breast
pectoralis major, serratus anterior and pectoralis major
breast blood supply
subclavian and axillary
placenta develops from
the trophoblast following implantation of the blastocyst
cross section of the umbilicus contains
umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein
function of the umbilical vein
oxygenated nutrient rich blood
function of the umbilical artery
deoxygenated nutrient depleted blood
umbilical contains between the arteries and vein a substance called?
Wharton’s jelly
which triangle lies inferior to the pubic symphysis
urogenital triangle
which triangle lies anteroinferior to the coccyx
anal triangle
a thin sheet of deep fascia stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arc, below the pubic symphysis
perineal membrane
the muscles of the perineum are as follows
external anal sphincter, superficial transverse perineal muscles, bulbospongiosus,, ischiocavernosus
external anal sphincter innervation
pudendal nerve
bulbospongiosus innervation
perineal nerve of the pudendal nerve
bulbospongiosus function
supports perineum, compresses bulb of penis, assists erection, in women assists vestibular gland compression and extension of clitoris
ischiocavernosus innervation
perineal nerve branch of pudendal nerve S2-S4
superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter innervation
deep branch of perineal nerve
ischiocavernosus function
erection of penis and clitoris, maintained by compressing outflowing veins
superficial transverse perineal and deep transverse perineal functions
support and fixes perineal body to support abdominal viscera and resist pressure
external urethral sphincter function
compress urethra to maintain urinary continence
what does the perineal body consist of
fibromuscular mass that is the site of muscle convergence
the external urethral sphincter is found in which pouch?
deep perianal pouch
the superficial perianal pouch lies in what direction/lay
antero-inferior to the urogenital membrane and surrounds the external genital
the deep perineal pouch lies in which direction/lay
surrounds the deep transverse perineal muscle
the main parts of the male urethra
prostatic, intermediate membranous and spongey
widest part of the urethra is
prostatic
the narrowest part of the urethra is
intermediate membranous
the ischial anal fossa lies inferior to the
pelvic floor
ischial anal fossa lies lateral to the
anal canal
the major content of the ichio-ano fossae is
tough fibrous bands filled with fat
a neurovascular bundles enters the ischio-anal fossae through the
lesser sciatic foramen
what structures are present in the neurovascular bundle in the ischio-anal fossae
internal pudendal artery, vein and nerve
what structures doe the ischio-anal fossae neurovascular bundle supply
external anal sphincter, perineum and skin, penis and clitoris, superficial pouch, deep perineal pouch and vestibule of the vagina
location and functions of the vestibule glands
two pea sized compound alveolar gland located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina
attachments of the round ligament
cornu of the uterus just below the origin of the uterine tube to the labia majora
round ligament is the remnant of the
gubernaculum
diagnostic test for a blocked fallopian tube
hysterosalpingogram
suspensory ligament is also known as the
infundibulopelvic
suspensory ligament attachments
upper pole of ovary and infundibulum of Fallopian tube
To
lateral wall of the pelvis
BROAD ligament contents
Bundle (neurovascular) Round ligament ovarian ligaments artefacts duct
uterosacral ligament attachments
These ligaments travel from the uterus to the anterior aspect of the sacrum
how is the bladder peritonised?
only the superior surface
Leydig cells role
testosterone
Sertoli cells role
support spermatogenesis
cremaster innervation
genitofemoral nerve
