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Anatomy > reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

greater pelvis men and female

A

F: thin and light
M:Deep

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2
Q

Lesser Pelvis men and female

A

F: wide and shallow
M: narrow and deep

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3
Q

pelvic inlet M/F

A

F: oval
M: heart shaped

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4
Q

pelvic outlet M/F

A

F: large
M: small

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5
Q

subpubic angle M/F

A

F: obtuse
M:acute

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6
Q

obturator foramen M/F

A

F: oval
M:round

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7
Q

acetabulum M/F

A

F: small
M: large

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8
Q

sacroiliac joint type is

A

posterior is syndesmosis and anterior features of synovial

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9
Q

pubic symphysis joint type is

A

secondary cartilaginous

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10
Q

anterior inferior wall of the pelvis is formed by

A

the bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall

A

obturator internus

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12
Q

which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

piriformis

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13
Q

what nerve network lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

sacral plexus

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14
Q

what are the perineal and anococcygeal bodies

A

fibrous medial bodies in the floor of the pelvis

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15
Q

list the two functions of the pelvic floor

A

control of defecation and urination and resists intrabdominal pressure

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16
Q

innervation of the pelvic floor is through

A

the pudendal nerve

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17
Q

cystoceole refers to

A

prolapsed bladder

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18
Q

rectocoele refers to

A

vagina wall herniation, prolapse

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19
Q

S+I vesical arteries distribution

A

bladder, seminal glands, and prostate in males

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20
Q

uterine artery distribution

A

ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, vagina, uterine tube

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21
Q

gonadal artery distribution

A

testicles and ovaries

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22
Q

middle and inferior rectal artery distribution

A

seminal gland, prostate and rectum

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23
Q

vaginal artery distribution

A

vagina and inferior bladder

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24
Q

internal pudendal artery distribution

A

main artery to perineum

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25
Q

obturator artery branch distribution

A

pelvic muscles, urinary bladder

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26
Q

Superior vesical artery branch of

A

the umbilical a.

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27
Q

I. vesical artery origin

A

A. I. iliac

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28
Q

uterine artery origin

A

A. I. iliac

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29
Q

gonadal origin

A

Abdominal artery

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30
Q

middle and inferior rectal artery origin

A

internal iliac

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31
Q

vaginal artery origin

A

uterine artery

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32
Q

internal pudendal artery origin

A

A I. iliac

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33
Q

obturator artery origin

A

internal iliac artery

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34
Q

venous drainage of the pelvic structures arise from

A

internal iliac veins, superior rectal vein, median sacral veins, gonadal veins, internal vertebral venous plexus

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35
Q

which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation

A

superior rectal vein

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36
Q

which parts of the rectum drain into the systemic circulation

A

inferior and middle rectal arteries

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37
Q

prostatic venous plexus veins arise form

A

the sides and base of the prostate

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38
Q

the posterior side of the prostatic venous plexus communicates with which venous plexus

A

internal vertebral plexus

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39
Q

the ilioinguinal nerve root origin

A

L1

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40
Q

ilioinguinal nerve pathway

A

enters the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin at the root of the penis and the labia of the female

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41
Q

the genitofemoral nerve originates at which root

A

L1 and L2

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42
Q

the genitofemoral nerve enters what structure

A

deep inguinal ring

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43
Q

what structures of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve are supplied in men

A

cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin

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44
Q

clinical significance of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve in men

A

elevates the testis

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45
Q

segmental value of the pudendal nerves

A

S2,S3,S4

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46
Q

bony landmark for the pudendal nerve

A

ischial spine of the pelvis

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47
Q

hypogastric plexus origins

A

L1, L2 sympathetic fibres and S2,s3,s4 parasympathetic fibres

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48
Q

hypogastric sympathetic fibres supply the (men)

A

vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in the males

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49
Q

female genital tract autonomic supply

A

sympathetic fibres from the pelvic and ovarian plexuses and parasympathetic fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves

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50
Q

parasympathetic role in men and females (hypogastric)

A

erectile tissues in both male and female

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51
Q

external iliac lymph nodes drain

A

inguinal, pelvic viscera

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52
Q

internal iliac lymph nodes drain

A

gluteal region, deep perineum, and inferior pelvic viscera

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53
Q

sacral lymph nodes drain

A

posterior inferior pelvic viscera

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54
Q

common iliac lymph nodes drain

A

drainage from the three main external and internal and sacral lymph nodes

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55
Q

contents of the spermatic cord

A

epididymis, testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus

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56
Q

tough outer fibrous layer of the testis are called

A

tunica albuginea

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57
Q

what is the name of the peritoneal sac that covers the testis

A

tunica vaginalis

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58
Q

the two layers of the tunica vaginalis are

A

parietal and visceral

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59
Q

material present between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

small amount of fluid

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60
Q

hydrocele refers to

A

excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis

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61
Q

haematocele refers to

A

blood in the tunica vaginalis

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62
Q

at what vertebral levels does the testicular arteries arise?

A

L2

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63
Q

what are the two important structures the testicular arteries cross

A

ureters

inferior parts of the external iliacs

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64
Q

name of anastomosing veins associated with the testis

A

pampiniform venous plexus

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65
Q

function of the pampiform venous plexus

A

thermoregulatory

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66
Q

right testicular vein drains into

A

IVC

67
Q

left testicular vein drains into

A

left renal vein

68
Q

which lymph nodes drain the testis

A

pre-aortic and aortic (L+R)

69
Q

vas deferens journey

A

arises from epididymis, via inguinal canal and crosses the E. I. vessels, terminates by joining duct of seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct

70
Q

prostate secretions

A

enzymes, zinc, citric acid

71
Q

bulbourethral glands are located

A

in the urogenital diaphragm

72
Q

bulbourethral glands drain into

A

penile/spongey urethra

73
Q

bulbourethral glands produce

A

lubricant, mucus

74
Q

prostate lymphatic drainage

A

internal iliac and sacral nodes

75
Q

seminal vesicle lymphatic drainage

A

iliac lymph node,. external covers the superior, internal covers the inferior

76
Q

scrotum lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

77
Q

penis lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes, deep and external iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes

78
Q

testis histological description

A

convoluted tubules
4-8 layers of cells
spermatozoa in the lumen
Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between the tubules

79
Q

prostate histological description

A

serous aveloi with infolding epithelium
trabeculae of muscular stroma
amorphous eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacea in the alveoli of older men

80
Q

seminal vesicle histological description

A

no sperm In lumen
highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey combed appearance, well developed muscular externa

81
Q

ductus deferens histological appearance

A

lumen stellate in shape, thick walled muscular tube, epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

82
Q

what three structures constitute the birth canal?

A

vulva, cervix, vagina

83
Q

what are the three layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

84
Q

the normal position of the uterus is

A

anteflexed and anteverted

85
Q

posterior fornix relation

A

larger fornix located behind the cervix and close to the rectouterine pouch

86
Q

the anterior fornix is close to

A

the vesico-uterine pouch

87
Q

all the vaginal fornixes names

A

posterior, anterior and two lateral

88
Q

ligament of ovary function

A

connects the ovary

89
Q

name of all the ligamentous attachments for the uterus and cervix

A 
ligament of ovary
suspensory ligament of ovary 
round ligament of uterus 
broad ligament 
cardinal ligament
90
Q

suspensory ligament of the ovary role

A

suspends ovary posterior to pelvic wall laterally

91
Q

what is the alternative name for the cardinal ligament?

A

transverse cervical ligaments which extend from the cervix to lateral parts

92
Q

the uterine tube consist of

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural or uterine part

93
Q

the widest part of the uterine tube is the

A

ampulla

94
Q

fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube

A

ampulla

95
Q

cornual ectopic refers to

A

uterine implantation but ectopic, i.e. the muscular layer

96
Q

uterus to ovary is connected by which ligament?

A

ligament of ovary

97
Q

ovary to lateral pelvic wall is by which ligament?

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

98
Q

blood supply to the gonads and genitalia are via two major branches from the aorta which are?

A

gonadal and internal iliac

99
Q

at what vertebral level does the gonadal arteries arise?

A

L2

100
Q

the ovarian artery journey

A

descends within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament

101
Q

the ovarian artery anastomose with which artery?

A

uterine artery

102
Q

left gonadal vein drains into

A

left renal vein

103
Q

right gonadal vein drains into

A

IVC

104
Q

the uterine artery crosses over what relevant structure?

A

ureter

105
Q

the uterine artery crosses over the ureter at what anatomical point?

A

the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina

106
Q

‘water under the bridge’ refers to

A

the crossing of the uterine artery over the ureter

107
Q

a hysterectomy complication may result in

A

injury to the ureter

108
Q

labia and distal vagina superior lymphatic drainage

A

internal and external iliac lymph nodes

109
Q

labia and distal vagina middle lymphatic drainage

A

internal iliac lymph nodes

110
Q

labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage

A

sacral and common iliac lymph nodes

111
Q

labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

112
Q

which group of lymph nodes drain from the ovaries?

A

right and left artic and lumbar lymph nodes

113
Q

fundus and upper uterine body lymphatic drainage

A

pre-aortic group of lymph nodes

114
Q

most part of uterine body lymphatic drainage

A

external iliac lymph nodes

115
Q

uterine cervix and upper vagina lymphatic drainage

A

internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

116
Q

lower vagina lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes, sacral and common iliac nodes

117
Q

the breasts are..

A

highly modified sweat glands lying in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region

118
Q

structure of the breasts

A

15-25 lobules with tubulo-acinar gland and stroma

119
Q

breasts extend vertically from which ribs?

A

2nd to the 6th

120
Q

breasts extend horizontally from

A

lateral border of the sternum to the lateral line

121
Q

muscles deep to the breast

A

pectoralis major, serratus anterior and pectoralis major

122
Q

breast blood supply

A

subclavian and axillary

123
Q

placenta develops from

A

the trophoblast following implantation of the blastocyst

124
Q

cross section of the umbilicus contains

A

umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein

125
Q

function of the umbilical vein

A

oxygenated nutrient rich blood

126
Q

function of the umbilical artery

A

deoxygenated nutrient depleted blood

127
Q

umbilical contains between the arteries and vein a substance called?

A

Wharton’s jelly

128
Q

which triangle lies inferior to the pubic symphysis

A

urogenital triangle

129
Q

which triangle lies anteroinferior to the coccyx

A

anal triangle

130
Q

a thin sheet of deep fascia stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arc, below the pubic symphysis

A

perineal membrane

131
Q

the muscles of the perineum are as follows

A

external anal sphincter, superficial transverse perineal muscles, bulbospongiosus,, ischiocavernosus

132
Q

external anal sphincter innervation

A

pudendal nerve

133
Q

bulbospongiosus innervation

A

perineal nerve of the pudendal nerve

134
Q

bulbospongiosus function

A

supports perineum, compresses bulb of penis, assists erection, in women assists vestibular gland compression and extension of clitoris

135
Q

ischiocavernosus innervation

A

perineal nerve branch of pudendal nerve S2-S4

136
Q

superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter innervation

A

deep branch of perineal nerve

137
Q

ischiocavernosus function

A

erection of penis and clitoris, maintained by compressing outflowing veins

138
Q

superficial transverse perineal and deep transverse perineal functions

A

support and fixes perineal body to support abdominal viscera and resist pressure

139
Q

external urethral sphincter function

A

compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

140
Q

what does the perineal body consist of

A

fibromuscular mass that is the site of muscle convergence

141
Q

the external urethral sphincter is found in which pouch?

A

deep perianal pouch

142
Q

the superficial perianal pouch lies in what direction/lay

A

antero-inferior to the urogenital membrane and surrounds the external genital

143
Q

the deep perineal pouch lies in which direction/lay

A

surrounds the deep transverse perineal muscle

144
Q

the main parts of the male urethra

A

prostatic, intermediate membranous and spongey

145
Q

widest part of the urethra is

A

prostatic

146
Q

the narrowest part of the urethra is

A

intermediate membranous

147
Q

the ischial anal fossa lies inferior to the

A

pelvic floor

148
Q

ischial anal fossa lies lateral to the

A

anal canal

149
Q

the major content of the ichio-ano fossae is

A

tough fibrous bands filled with fat

150
Q

a neurovascular bundles enters the ischio-anal fossae through the

A

lesser sciatic foramen

151
Q

what structures are present in the neurovascular bundle in the ischio-anal fossae

A

internal pudendal artery, vein and nerve

152
Q

what structures doe the ischio-anal fossae neurovascular bundle supply

A

external anal sphincter, perineum and skin, penis and clitoris, superficial pouch, deep perineal pouch and vestibule of the vagina

153
Q

location and functions of the vestibule glands

A

two pea sized compound alveolar gland located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

154
Q

attachments of the round ligament

A

cornu of the uterus just below the origin of the uterine tube to the labia majora

155
Q

round ligament is the remnant of the

A

gubernaculum

156
Q

diagnostic test for a blocked fallopian tube

A

hysterosalpingogram

157
Q

suspensory ligament is also known as the

A

infundibulopelvic

158
Q

suspensory ligament attachments

A

upper pole of ovary and infundibulum of Fallopian tube
To
lateral wall of the pelvis

159
Q

BROAD ligament contents

A 
Bundle (neurovascular)
Round ligament 
ovarian ligaments
artefacts 
duct
160
Q

uterosacral ligament attachments

A

These ligaments travel from the uterus to the anterior aspect of the sacrum

161
Q

how is the bladder peritonised?

A

only the superior surface

162
Q

Leydig cells role

A

testosterone

163
Q

Sertoli cells role

A

support spermatogenesis

164
Q

cremaster innervation

A

genitofemoral nerve

Anatomy (18 decks)

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