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Anatomy > neurology, the eye and ear > Flashcards

neurology, the eye and ear Flashcards

1
Q

what are the seven bones of the orbit

A

ethmoidal, lacrimal, sphenoid lesser wing, sphenoid greater wing, frontal, maxillary and zygomatic

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2
Q

what passes through the optic foramen

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor nerve, ophthalmic nerve, ophthalmic veins and the trochlear nerve

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4
Q

what passes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

maxillary nerve

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5
Q

the outer fibrous layer of the eye consists of

A

the sclera and cornea

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6
Q

the middle vascular layer of the eye consists of

A

choroid,iris and ciliary body

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7
Q

the inner sensory layer consists of the

A

retina

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8
Q

the watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye is

A

the aqueous humour

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9
Q

the gel in the posterior segment is the

A

vitreous body

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10
Q

the ciliaris is located

A

posterior to the corneoscleral junction

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11
Q

the function of the ciliaris muscle is

A

accommodation thickening of the lens

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12
Q

the innervation of the ciliaris muscle is

A

parasympathetic via the third cranial nerve

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13
Q

the constrictor pupillae location is

A

the pupillary border of the iris

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14
Q

the innvervation of the constrictor pupil muscle is

A

parasympathetic via the oculomotor nerve

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15
Q

the dilator pupil muscle is innverated by the

A

sympathetic innervation throguh long cilaic arteries from the cervical plexus

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16
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, inferior recuts, superior rectus

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17
Q

medial rectus action

A

adducts

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18
Q

lateral rectus action

A

abducts

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19
Q

superior rectus actions

A

elevates, adducts and intorsion

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20
Q

intorsion refers to

A

medial rotation

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21
Q

the inferior rectus actions

A

depresses, abducts and extorsion

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22
Q

extorison refers to

A

lateral rotation

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23
Q

superior oblique actions

A

depression, abduction and intorsion

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24
Q

inferior oblique actions

A

abducts, elevates and rotates extorsion

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25
Q

which extrinsic eye muscle doesn’t arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit

A

inferior oblique

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26
Q

which ligaments prevent over adduction and over abduction

A

check ligaments medial and lateral

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27
Q

the function of suspensory ligaments of the eye are to

A

supports and prevents displacement of the eye

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28
Q

the opthalmic artery is a branch of the

A

internal carotid artery

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29
Q

what are the types of joint between the malleus and incus

A

saddle

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30
Q

what type of joint is between the incus and stapes

A

ball and socket

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31
Q

the stapes has what joint

A

hinge joint

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32
Q

which ossicle is in connection with the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

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33
Q

which ossicle is in contact with the oval window

A

the stapes

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34
Q

what are the two muscles of the ossicles

A

tensor tympani and the stapedius

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35
Q

the functions of the tensor tympani is

A

dampen the tymapnic membrane

36
Q

the function of the stapedius is to

A

protect the inner ear

37
Q

the inner and middle ear are contained within what bone

A

the petrous temporal bone

38
Q

what fluid is within the bony labyrinth

A

perilymph

39
Q

what fluid is within the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

40
Q

what foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa

A

internal acoustic foramen

41
Q

the chorda tympani seperates from the facial nerve in the

A

middle ear

42
Q

chorda tympani supplies the

A

secretomotor for the sublingual and submandibular gland parasympathetic and the sesnory fibres for taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue

43
Q

lymph nodes of face and scalp

A

parotid, buccal, submental, submandibular, mastoid and occipital

44
Q

lymphatic drainage of the neck

A

anterior cervical nodes, superficial cervical nodes, retropharyngeal nodes, laryngeal nodes and tracheal nodes

45
Q

retropharyngeal nodes drain from the

A

nasopharynx, auditory tube, and upper cervical column

46
Q

superficial cervical nodes drain from

A

parotid, angle of mandible, neck, face and scalp

47
Q

the right jugular lymph trunk drains into the

A

junction of the internal jugular and subclavian vein

48
Q

the left jugular trunk drains into the

A

thoracic duct

49
Q

2 features of the anterior cranial fossa

A

cribiform plate and crista gali

50
Q

the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid lesser wings

51
Q

the floor of the middle cranial fossa consists of the

A

greater sphenoid wings and temporal bone squamous and petrous

52
Q

the pterion is what

A

H junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal bones

53
Q

olfactory nerve passes through what in the anterior cranial fossa

A

cribiform plate

54
Q

what passes thorugh the optic foramen in the middle cranial fossa

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries

55
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure in the middle cranial fossa

A

ophthalmic veins, oculomotor nerven abductor nerve

, trochea nerve and sympathetic fibres

56
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum in the middle cranial fossa

A

maxillary nerve V2

57
Q

foramen ovale in the middle cranial fossa structures that pass through

A

mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery

58
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum in the middle cranial fossa

A

middle meningeal artery and meningeal nerve

59
Q

what passes through the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa

A

venous plexus

60
Q

the carotid canal in middle cranial fossa contains

A

internal carotid artery

61
Q

internal acoustic foramen in the posterior cranial foramen contains

A

facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve and labyrinthine artery

62
Q

jugular foramen contains

A

Central nerves 9, 10, 11, internal jugular veinpetrosal and sigmoid sinuses

63
Q

hypoglossal foramen contains the

A

hypoglossal nerve

64
Q

the foramen magnum contains the

A

medulla, meninges, vertebral arteries, cranial nerve 11, dural veins, posterior and anterior spinal arteries

65
Q

what houses the pituitary gland

A

the sella turica

66
Q

a groove on the either side of the sella turica is for

A

cavernous svenous sinus

67
Q

flat bones of the skull grow by

A

intramembranous ossification

68
Q

irregular bones of the skull grow by

A

endochondral

69
Q

parotid gland secretes

A

serous

70
Q

the submandibular gland secrete

A

mixture

71
Q

sublingual salivary

A

mucous

72
Q

the function of the pyramids

A

corticospinal tract, corticobulbar, motor fibres and pyramidal tracts

73
Q

at what vertebral level of the spinal cord terminate at

A

L2

74
Q

at what vertebral level does the dura mater terminate

A

S2

75
Q

at what vertebral arachnoid mater terminate

A

S2

76
Q

Lumbar puncture level

A

L4

77
Q

spinal nerve pairs

A

31

78
Q

left and right vertebral arteries arise

A

subclavian

79
Q

carotid bifurcates at

A

C4

80
Q

ventro basilar

A

cerebellum and brain stem

81
Q

what nerve arises from above the superior cerebellar artery

A

oculomotor

82
Q

superior ophthalmic artery drains into the

A

cavernous sinus

83
Q

what venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium

A

straight sinus

84
Q

middle meningeal artery arises from the

A

foramen spinosum

85
Q

the anterior horns of the lateral ventricle are separated by the

A

septum pellucidum

86
Q

the fold of dura mater that surrounds the gland is called

A

diaphragma sellae

87
Q

red nucleus lies posterior to the

A

substantia nigra

Anatomy (18 decks)

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