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Anatomy > CVS anatomy > Flashcards

CVS anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main contents of the posterior mediastinum

A

oesophagus and vagus nerve, azygos vein, sympathetic trunk, thoracic duct, descending aorta and splanchnic nerves

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2
Q

the cephalic vein drains into

A

the axillary vein below the clavicle

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3
Q

the median cubital vein connects to the cephalic and basilica vein across what structure

A

the cubital fossa

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4
Q

the basilica vein runs continuous with the

A

deep brachial veins on the medial side.

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5
Q

the long saphenous vein drains into the

A

femoral vein

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6
Q

the short saphenous vein drains into

A

the popliteal vein

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7
Q

the popliteal vein becomes the

A

femoral vein proximally

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8
Q

the femoral vein becomes the

A

external iliac vein proximally

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9
Q

the subclavian artery arises at the lateral border of

A

the first rib

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10
Q

the axillary artery becomes the

A

the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major m.

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11
Q

the brachial divides into what arteries at what structure?

A

radial and ulnar at the cubital fossa

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12
Q

external iliac artery forms the

A

common femoral artery in the anterior thigh

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13
Q

superficial femoral artery becomes the

A

popliteal artery at the popliteal fossa

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14
Q

the popliteal artery forms the

A

anterior and post tibial artery

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15
Q

post tibial artery supplies the

A

fibula and the plantar surface of the foot

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16
Q

ant. tibial artery forms the

A

dorsalis pedis between the 1 and 2 toes

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17
Q

what are the superficial arterial pulse points of the body

A 
temporal and facial of the Ext. carotid
common carotid - aortic arch 
brachial - axillary
radial - brachial 
femoral - ext. iliac
popliteal - femoral 
post tibial - popliteal 
dorsalis pedis - ant. tibial
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18
Q

the intima of a blood vessel is

A

thinnest layer of endothelial cells, and some sub endothelial cells with an dense internal elastic lamina surrounding.

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19
Q

the media of a blood vessel is

A

thickest layer providing support and elasticity composing of smooth muscle and connective tissue, bundled in the external elastic lamina

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20
Q

the adventitia of a blood vessel composed of

A

connective tissue, nutrient vessels, and autonomic nerves

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21
Q

muscular artery examples

A

brachial, radial, femoral, post. tibia and coronary

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22
Q

elastic arteries example

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

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23
Q

characteristics of muscular arteries

A

smaller, thick smooth muscle and few elastic fibres

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24
Q

elastic artery characteristics

A

large, directly from the heart, wavy elastic fibres,

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25
Q

heart lies between what vertebrae

A

T5-8

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26
Q

Apex of the heart would be felt by the

A

5fth intercostal space

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27
Q

what are the two types of pericardia

A

serous and fibrous

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28
Q

fibrous layer of the pericardia consists of

A

dense connective tissue sac

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29
Q

the serous layer of the pericardium consists of

A

outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer called the epicardium.

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30
Q

right atrium identifying features

A

Openings for:
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus

Interatrial septum

Fossa ovalis in ia septum

Musculi pectinati

Tricuspid valve

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31
Q

right ventricle identifying features

A

Main identification features:

Tricuspid valve
3 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x3

Trabeculae carneae (contractile fleshy struts)

Moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculum)

Opening for pulmonary trunk

Interventricular septum

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32
Q

left atrium identifying features

A

Main identifying features:

Openings for:
l + r superior pulmonary veins
l + r inferior pulmonary veins

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Smooth-walled, small chamber,
lying wholly postero-superiorly against
oesophagus.

Forms base of heart

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33
Q

left ventricle identifying features

A

Main identification features:

Biscuspid (mitral valve)
2 valve cusps
2 Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae

Trabeculae carneae

Opening for aorta

Interventricular septum

Wall 3x as thick as right ventricular wall.

Forms apex of heart

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34
Q

what is the coronary supply of the heart

A

Right coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing into right marginal and posterior descending

Left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing left anterior and descending

35
Q

cardiac veins of the heart

A

Great cardiac vein lies alongside
ant interventricular a.

Middle cardiac vein lies alongside post interventricular a.

Small cardiac vein lies alongside r. marginal a.

36
Q

the cardiac veins drain into

A

the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium. Except for the anterior cardiac vein which drains directly.

37
Q

what is the cardiac innervation

A

phrenic nerve innervates the fibrous and parietal layers and detects pain
vagus innervates the visceral layer
sympathetic from the thoracic ganglia innervate muscle and visceral layer

38
Q

the endocardium forms

A

valves

39
Q

the endocardium consists of

A

simple squamous epithelium sitting on a basement membrane

40
Q

the epicardium contains

A

main branches of coronary arteries and fat

41
Q

what are the valves of the heart called

A

pulmonary valve
aortic valve
mitral valve
tricuspid valve

42
Q

the semilunar valves are

A

the aortic and pulmonary valves

43
Q

the mitral valve is also known as

A

the bicuspid valve

44
Q

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are known as

A

the atrioventricular valves

45
Q

blood can flow through the coronary arteries during

A

diastole

46
Q

what are the attachments of the heart

A

the central tendon of the diaphragm, sternum and roots of great vessels

47
Q

what are pericytes

A

incomplete cells surrounding the basement membrane around the capillaries. they have the contractile properties to ease the blood flow

48
Q

what are the three types of the capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

49
Q

fenestrated capillaries filter molecules by

A

diaphragms filter by molecular weight or charge

50
Q

discontinuous capillaries are found in the

A

liver, spleen and bone marrow

51
Q

fenestrated capillaries are found in the

A

endocrine glands and kidney renal corpuscle

52
Q

sinusoids are

A

large diameter discontinuous capillaries

53
Q

sinusoids are found in the

A

liver and endocrine glands

54
Q

capillary and arteriovenous shunts are ideal for

A

skin for thermoregulation

55
Q

superficial veins are characterised by

A

thick walled and no surrounding support

56
Q

deep veins are characterised by

A

thin walled

surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

57
Q

lymph capillaries membrane contain

A

absent or rudimentary basal lamina

58
Q

vasa vasorum stands for

A

vessels of vessels

59
Q

lymphatics are found in

A

the T. adventitia

60
Q

what vertebrae form the posterior border of the superior mediastinum

A

T1-T4

61
Q

the common iliac arteries arise at what vertebral levels and lies?

A

L4 and iliac fossae

62
Q

the external iliac and internal arteries arise at

A

L5-S1

63
Q

the azygos vein exists at

A

the right side of the posterior mediastinum

64
Q

the hemiazygos venous system exists at

A

the left side of the posterior mediastinum

65
Q

the hemiazygos vein drains into the azygos vein at what vertebral level

A

T8/T9

66
Q

what are the 3 main tributaries of the superior vena cava

A

left and right brachiocephalic and azygos vein

67
Q

what are the two main tributaries of the inferior vena cava

A

left and right common iliac veins

68
Q

the intercostal veins are drained by the

A

azygos and hemiazygos veins

69
Q

what posterior chest wall arteries arise from the descending aorta

A

bronchial, mediastinal, oesophageal, pericardial and superior phrenic artery

70
Q

the intercostal and sternal veins drain into

A

the internal thoracic vein

71
Q

what part of the spinal nerve supplies the intercostal nerve

A

ventral ramus

72
Q

what artery gives rise to the internal thoracic artery

A

subclavian artery

73
Q

the cisterna chyli commences as

A

L1

74
Q

inferior to which malleolus does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?

A

medial malleolus

75
Q

the venae cordis minimae stands for

A

small veins which drain the heart wall directly into the chamber of the heart

76
Q

the cardiac vein lies alongside

A

the left circumflex artery in the anterior interventricular groove

77
Q

the middle vein lies alongside

A

the left anterior interventricular artery near the posterior interventricular groove

78
Q

the small vein lies alongside

A

the right marginal artery near the right inferior margin of the heart

79
Q

the anterior vein drain directly into the

A

right atrium

80
Q

at the 6th intercostal space the internal thoracic artery divides into

A

the superior epigasteric artery

81
Q

prior to the first rib the subclavian artery divides into

A

the pericardiophrenic artery before further dividing into the internal thoracic artery but further perforating into anterior intercostal arteries

82
Q
  1. From which nerve plexus does the heart get its innervation from and where is this situated?
A

Cardiac plexus at the bifurcation of the trachea

83
Q

The right coronary artery:

a) arises from the aortic arch
b) gives off the circumflex artery
c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery
d) anastomoses with the circumflex artery
e) lies in the interventricular sulcus (groove)

A

D) anastomoses with the circumflex artery

84
Q

The intrinsic rhythmicity of the myocardium is controlled by

A

sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4

Anatomy (18 decks)

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