CVS anatomy Flashcards
what are the main contents of the posterior mediastinum
oesophagus and vagus nerve, azygos vein, sympathetic trunk, thoracic duct, descending aorta and splanchnic nerves
the cephalic vein drains into
the axillary vein below the clavicle
the median cubital vein connects to the cephalic and basilica vein across what structure
the cubital fossa
the basilica vein runs continuous with the
deep brachial veins on the medial side.
the long saphenous vein drains into the
femoral vein
the short saphenous vein drains into
the popliteal vein
the popliteal vein becomes the
femoral vein proximally
the femoral vein becomes the
external iliac vein proximally
the subclavian artery arises at the lateral border of
the first rib
the axillary artery becomes the
the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major m.
the brachial divides into what arteries at what structure?
radial and ulnar at the cubital fossa
external iliac artery forms the
common femoral artery in the anterior thigh
superficial femoral artery becomes the
popliteal artery at the popliteal fossa
the popliteal artery forms the
anterior and post tibial artery
post tibial artery supplies the
fibula and the plantar surface of the foot
ant. tibial artery forms the
dorsalis pedis between the 1 and 2 toes
what are the superficial arterial pulse points of the body
temporal and facial of the Ext. carotid common carotid - aortic arch brachial - axillary radial - brachial femoral - ext. iliac popliteal - femoral post tibial - popliteal dorsalis pedis - ant. tibial
the intima of a blood vessel is
thinnest layer of endothelial cells, and some sub endothelial cells with an dense internal elastic lamina surrounding.
the media of a blood vessel is
thickest layer providing support and elasticity composing of smooth muscle and connective tissue, bundled in the external elastic lamina
the adventitia of a blood vessel composed of
connective tissue, nutrient vessels, and autonomic nerves
muscular artery examples
brachial, radial, femoral, post. tibia and coronary
elastic arteries example
aorta and pulmonary trunk
characteristics of muscular arteries
smaller, thick smooth muscle and few elastic fibres
elastic artery characteristics
large, directly from the heart, wavy elastic fibres,
heart lies between what vertebrae
T5-8
Apex of the heart would be felt by the
5fth intercostal space
what are the two types of pericardia
serous and fibrous
fibrous layer of the pericardia consists of
dense connective tissue sac
the serous layer of the pericardium consists of
outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer called the epicardium.
right atrium identifying features
Openings for:
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus
Interatrial septum
Fossa ovalis in ia septum
Musculi pectinati
Tricuspid valve
right ventricle identifying features
Main identification features:
Tricuspid valve
3 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x3
Trabeculae carneae (contractile fleshy struts)
Moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculum)
Opening for pulmonary trunk
Interventricular septum
left atrium identifying features
Main identifying features:
Openings for:
l + r superior pulmonary veins
l + r inferior pulmonary veins
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Smooth-walled, small chamber,
lying wholly postero-superiorly against
oesophagus.
Forms base of heart
left ventricle identifying features
Main identification features:
Biscuspid (mitral valve)
2 valve cusps
2 Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
Trabeculae carneae
Opening for aorta
Interventricular septum
Wall 3x as thick as right ventricular wall.
Forms apex of heart
what is the coronary supply of the heart
Right coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing into right marginal and posterior descending
Left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing left anterior and descending
cardiac veins of the heart
Great cardiac vein lies alongside
ant interventricular a.
Middle cardiac vein lies alongside post interventricular a.
Small cardiac vein lies alongside r. marginal a.
the cardiac veins drain into
the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium. Except for the anterior cardiac vein which drains directly.
what is the cardiac innervation
phrenic nerve innervates the fibrous and parietal layers and detects pain
vagus innervates the visceral layer
sympathetic from the thoracic ganglia innervate muscle and visceral layer
the endocardium forms
valves
the endocardium consists of
simple squamous epithelium sitting on a basement membrane
the epicardium contains
main branches of coronary arteries and fat
what are the valves of the heart called
pulmonary valve
aortic valve
mitral valve
tricuspid valve
the semilunar valves are
the aortic and pulmonary valves
the mitral valve is also known as
the bicuspid valve
the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are known as
the atrioventricular valves
blood can flow through the coronary arteries during
diastole
what are the attachments of the heart
the central tendon of the diaphragm, sternum and roots of great vessels
what are pericytes
incomplete cells surrounding the basement membrane around the capillaries. they have the contractile properties to ease the blood flow
what are the three types of the capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous
fenestrated capillaries filter molecules by
diaphragms filter by molecular weight or charge
discontinuous capillaries are found in the
liver, spleen and bone marrow
fenestrated capillaries are found in the
endocrine glands and kidney renal corpuscle
sinusoids are
large diameter discontinuous capillaries
sinusoids are found in the
liver and endocrine glands
capillary and arteriovenous shunts are ideal for
skin for thermoregulation
superficial veins are characterised by
thick walled and no surrounding support
deep veins are characterised by
thin walled
surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles
lymph capillaries membrane contain
absent or rudimentary basal lamina
vasa vasorum stands for
vessels of vessels
lymphatics are found in
the T. adventitia
what vertebrae form the posterior border of the superior mediastinum
T1-T4
the common iliac arteries arise at what vertebral levels and lies?
L4 and iliac fossae
the external iliac and internal arteries arise at
L5-S1
the azygos vein exists at
the right side of the posterior mediastinum
the hemiazygos venous system exists at
the left side of the posterior mediastinum
the hemiazygos vein drains into the azygos vein at what vertebral level
T8/T9
what are the 3 main tributaries of the superior vena cava
left and right brachiocephalic and azygos vein
what are the two main tributaries of the inferior vena cava
left and right common iliac veins
the intercostal veins are drained by the
azygos and hemiazygos veins
what posterior chest wall arteries arise from the descending aorta
bronchial, mediastinal, oesophageal, pericardial and superior phrenic artery
the intercostal and sternal veins drain into
the internal thoracic vein
what part of the spinal nerve supplies the intercostal nerve
ventral ramus
what artery gives rise to the internal thoracic artery
subclavian artery
the cisterna chyli commences as
L1
inferior to which malleolus does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?
medial malleolus
the venae cordis minimae stands for
small veins which drain the heart wall directly into the chamber of the heart
the cardiac vein lies alongside
the left circumflex artery in the anterior interventricular groove
the middle vein lies alongside
the left anterior interventricular artery near the posterior interventricular groove
the small vein lies alongside
the right marginal artery near the right inferior margin of the heart
the anterior vein drain directly into the
right atrium
at the 6th intercostal space the internal thoracic artery divides into
the superior epigasteric artery
prior to the first rib the subclavian artery divides into
the pericardiophrenic artery before further dividing into the internal thoracic artery but further perforating into anterior intercostal arteries
- From which nerve plexus does the heart get its innervation from and where is this situated?
Cardiac plexus at the bifurcation of the trachea
The right coronary artery:
a) arises from the aortic arch
b) gives off the circumflex artery
c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery
d) anastomoses with the circumflex artery
e) lies in the interventricular sulcus (groove)
D) anastomoses with the circumflex artery
The intrinsic rhythmicity of the myocardium is controlled by
sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
