detailed reproductive flashcards
the superior pubic ramus has an oblique ridge called?
pecten pubis
thickening of the anterior part of the body of the pubis is the
pubic crest
pubic arch is produced by the
ischiopubic rami
greater pelvic posteriorly walls are
ilium , L5 and S1 vertebrae
levator ani consists of the
puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.
pelvic floor consists of
formed by the pelvic diaphragm which consists of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles and the fascias.
pudendal nerve derived from the
anterior rami of S2-S4
pudendal nerve functions as
Main nerve of the perineum and chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia
what artery does the pudendal nerve accompany
internal pudendal artery
pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis via the
greater sciatic foramen between the piriformis and coccygeus
pudendal nerve continue past the greater sciatic foramen then
hooks around the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament and enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve sensory supplies
posterior scrotal or labial branches and the deep perineal branch that supplies the deep and superficial pouches, skin of the vestibule of the vagina, inferior part of the vagina and he dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris.
seminal glands are located
lies between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum. Obliquely placed structures superiorly to the prostate. Closely related to the rectum
prostate 2/3’rds is and one third is
2/3rd’s is glandular other third is fibromuscular
ligament of the ovary attaches
attaches the uterus posterior inferior to the uterotubal junction
round ligament of the uterus attaches
attaches anteriorly inferiorly to the uterotubal junction
broad ligament of the uterus attaches
extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis. Centres the uterus but contains the ovaries, uterine tubes and related structures as well as vasculature.
transverse cervical (cardinal ligament) attaches to
extend from the cervix and lateral parts of the fornix of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis
uterosacral ligaments attaches to
pass superiorly and slightly posteriorly from the sides of the cervix to the middle of the sacrum.
external iliac lymph nodes drain
inguinal nodes, pelvic viscera especially the superior anterior pelvic organs, they then drain into the common lymph nodes
internal iliac lymph nodes drain
receives drainage from inferior pelvic viscera, deep perineum, gluteal region and drains into the common iliac nodes
sacral lymph nodes drain
posterior inferior pelvic viscera and drain either to internal or common iliac nodes
common iliac lymph nods drain
receive from sacral, internal and external. Passes to aortic and lumbar
rectovesical pouch is produced by
reflected peritoneum from bladder and seminal glands onto rectum
vesico-uterine pouch is produced by
where the peritoneum is reflected anteriorly from the uterus onto the posterior margin on the superior surface of the bladder.
recto-uterine pouch is produced by
reflects from vagina onto rectum forming recto-uterine pouch
anterior division of the internal iliac supplies
pelvic viscera and muscles in medial compartment of thigh
obturator artery supplies
pelvic muscles, ilium and head of femur
superior vesical artery supplies
superior aspect of urinary bladder
inferior vesical artery supplies
urinary bladder, pelvic part of ureter, seminal gland and prostate
middle rectal artery supplies
seminal gland, prostate and rectum
internal pudendal artery supplies
perineum, muscles of anal canal, skin and urogenital triangle
inferior gluteal artery supplies
piriformis, coccygeus, levator ani, gluteal muscles
uterine artery supplies
pelvic part of ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina
vaginal artery supplies
vagina and branches to inferior part of urinary bladder
gonadal artery supplies
testis and ovaries
iliolumbar artery supplies
iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, cauda equina
superior gluteal artery supplies
gluteal muscles and tensor fascia latae
pudendal canal is
horizontal passage within the obturator fascia
pudendal canal begins and end
Begins at the border of t ischio-anal fossa and runs from the lesser sciatic notch to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane
pudendal canal contains
the internal pudendal artery, vein and nerve enter with the nerve to the obturator internus
obturator internus function and innervation
nerve to obturator internus. Laterally rotates hip joint, assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum.
piriformis function and innervation
laterally rotates hip joint, abducts head of hip joint, assists in holding femur head. Anterior rami of S1 and S2.
menopause anatomical effects
ovaries shrink in size, contain very few follicles. Uterus and the breasts decrease in size. The vaginal mucosa becomes atrophic and dry
mammary glands are attached to the dermis of the overlying skin by
suspensory ligaments
blood supply of the breasts
medial mammary branches of perforating branches originating from the subclavian artery. Mammary branches of lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromial arteries which are branches of axillary artery and the posterior intercostal arteries.
lymphatic drainage of the breast
most lymph, especially from the lateral quadrant drains to the axillary lymph
most lymph drains to which node in the breast?
pectoral nodes
medial breast quadrant lymphatic drain to
parasternal lymph nodes or to the opposite breast.
inferior breast quadrant lymphatic pass to
abdominal lymph nodes
female lumbar lymph nodes drain
gonads, common iliac nodes (ovary, uterine tube)
inferior mesenteric lymph nodes drain
superiormost rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, pararectal nodes
male lumbar lymph nodes drain
urethra, testis, epididymis
female internal iliac lymph nodes drain
inferior pelvic structures, deep perineal structures, sacral nodes
male internal iliac lymph nodes drain
external and iliac lymph nodes
external iliac lymph nodes drain
inferior pelvic structures, deep perineal structures, sacral nodes
superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain in men
lower limb superficial drainage of inferior lateral quadrant of trunk including abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus, gluteal region, superficial perineal structures
superficial inguinal lymph nodes in female drain too
lower limb superficial drainage of inferior lateral quadrant of trunk, including anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus, gluteal region, superficial perineal structures
deep inguinal lymph nodes drain in females
glans clitoris, superficial nodes
sacral lymph nodes in females drain
posterior-inferior pelvic structures, inferior rectum, inferior vagina
deep inguinal lymph nodes drain in men
glans penis, superficial inguinal nodes, distal spongey urethra
sacral lymph nodes drain in men
posterior inferior pelvic structures, inferior rectum
pararectal lymph nodes drain
superior rectum
sympathetic supply of the anus is via the
from the lumbar spinal cord conveyed via the lumbar splanchnic nerves and the hypogastric pelvic plexus and through the periarterial plexuses
parasympathetic supply of the anus is supplies via the
from S2-S4 spinal cord level passing via the pelvic splanchnic S2-S4 and inferior hypogastric plexuses to the rectal pelvis
layers of the spermatic cord
external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia.
anatomy of the shaft of the penis is
the paired erectile cavernous tissue corpora cavernosa and the single corpus spongiosum. Each body is surrounded by a fibrous tunica albuginea. The corpora cavernosa are fused with each other in the median plane posteriorly except when they separate to form the crura of the penis
root of the penis consists of
root of the penis consists of crura, bulb and ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles.
glans of the penis is formed by the
corpus spongiosum
parasympathetic influence of the penis
parasympathetic stimulation by the cavernous nerves closes the arteriovenous anastomoses. Simultaneously the smooth muscle in the fibrous trabeculae is inhibited. Blood fills the sinuses of the corpora of the penis. The bulbospongiosus and the ischiocavernosus reflexively contracts by compressing the veins of the corpora cavernosa. As the corpus muscles become engorged with blood, the erectile bodies become rigid. S2-S4
sympathetic influence on the penis
emission of semen L1-L2
labia majora is
prominent folds of skin around the pudendal cleft. Indirectly provides protection for the urethral and vaginal orifices. Largely filled with subcutaneous fat containing smooth muscle and the termination of the round ligament of the uterus.
labia minora is
– folds of fat free hairless skin. They have a spongey connective tissue containing erectile tissue.
vestibule is the
space surrounded by the labia minora. Contains the opening of the urethra, vagina and ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands.
bulbs of the vestibule is the
paired masses of elongated erectile tissue that lie along the sides of the vaginal orifice under cover of the bulbospongiosus muscles
vestibular glands is the
located on each side of the vestibule, both are partially surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle. These glands secrete mucous into the vestibule during sexual arousal.
parasympathetic stimulation of the female sexual function
produces increased vaginal secretion, erection of clitoris , and engorgement of erectile tissue in the bulbs of the vestibule.
