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Anatomy > head and neck > Flashcards

head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four fascia of the neck

A

deep cervical fascia, prevertebral fascia, pretracheal fascia, carotid sheath

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2
Q

name of the large skull bones

A

ethmoid, frontal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, zygomatic

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3
Q

what is the name of the valve less veins in the scalp

A

emissary veins

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4
Q

emissary veins traverse through

A

the diploe

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5
Q

cranial nerve cold have what fibres accompanying?

A

sensory, motor, parasympathetic

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6
Q

name the branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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7
Q

the ophthalmic nerve is purely what function

A

sensory

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8
Q

the maxillary nerve is purely what function

A

sensory

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9
Q

mandibular nerve is purely what function

A

sensory and motor

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10
Q

what are the four key facial muscles

A

orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, occipitofrontalis, buccinator

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11
Q

the external carotid artery enters through what gland to yield it’s terminal branches.

A

parotid

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12
Q

what’s larger the internal or external jugular

A

internal jugular

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13
Q

what are the contents in the carotid sheath

A

carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

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14
Q

common carotid on the right side arises from

A

the brachiocephalic

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15
Q

left common carotid arises from

A

the arch of the aorta

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16
Q

the external carotid artery supplies the

A

neck, faces and scalp

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17
Q

the internal carotid supplies

A

brain and internal cavity

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18
Q

the internal jugular vein drains from

A

blood from the brain

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19
Q

external jugular vein drains

A

from external cranial cavity

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20
Q

the cervical plexus is formed from the

A

ventral rami of C1-C5

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21
Q

superior thyroid artery is a branch of the

A

external carotid

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22
Q

inferior thyroid artery arises from the

A

subclavian artery

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23
Q

middle thyroid vein drains to

A

internal jugular vein

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24
Q

inferior thyroid vein drains into the

A

brachiocephalic vein

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25
Q

thyroid is at what vertebral level

A

level of C7

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26
Q

what are the three sutures on the skull

A

sagittal, coronal, lambdoid

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27
Q

largest foramen in the skull is

A

foramen magnum

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28
Q

superior nuchal line is a part of which bone

A

occipital bone

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29
Q

SCALP stands for

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis of the occipitalfrontalis muscle 
Loose connvective tissue
Pericranium
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30
Q

the ventral rami of C5 to T1 forms what

A

brachial plexus

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31
Q

occipital artery arises from

A

external carotid

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32
Q

posterior auricular artery arises from

A

external carotid

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33
Q

the supratrochlar artery arises from

A

internal carotid artery

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34
Q

superficial temporal artery

A

external carotid artery

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35
Q

supra-orbital artery

A

internal carotid artery

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36
Q

the facial nerve emerges from

A

the stylomastoid foramen

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37
Q

the parotid duct enters via

A

the second maxillary molar tooth

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38
Q

what bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face

A

mandible

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39
Q

the facial vein and the superficial temporal veins drain into the

A

retromandibular then into internal jugular vein

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40
Q

what is the joint present between the occipital condyles and C1 and atlas

A

condyloid

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41
Q

what kind of joint is present between C1 and C2

A

pivot

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42
Q

what structures pass through the foramen transversium

A

arteries, veins and sympathetic nerves

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43
Q

what is the special feature of cervical vertebrate

A

short and bifid

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44
Q

cranial nerve for the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

accessory nerve (11)

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45
Q

trapezius function on the neck

A

extension

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46
Q

trapezius attachments

A

occipital, lower thoracic vertebrae and scapula

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47
Q

does the ECA or ICA give off branches in the neck

A

ECA

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48
Q

IJV merges with and forms what

A

subclavian and forms the brachiocephalic

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49
Q

external jugular vein drains into

A

right subclavian vein

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50
Q

mylohyoid muscle nerve supply is

A

a branch of the mandibular nerve the inferior alveolar

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51
Q

geniohyoid muscle nerve supply is

A

ventral ramus of C1

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52
Q

digastric nerve supply is

A

anteriorly the trigeminal mandibular division and the facial nerve poster

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53
Q

stylohyoid nerve supply is

A

facial nerve

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54
Q

suprahyoid muscles are the

A

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid

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55
Q

sternohyoid nerve supply

A

C1-C3 a part of the ansa cervalis

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56
Q

sternothyroid nerve supply

A

C1-C3 a part of the ansa cervalis

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57
Q

the thyrohyoid nerve suply is

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

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58
Q

omohyoid nerve supply

A

C1-C3 as a part of the ansa cervalis

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59
Q

cervical plexus root values

A

C1-C4

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60
Q

what ring does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie

A

3rd

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61
Q

anatomical parts of the thyroid gland is

A

left, right lobes and the isthmus

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62
Q

the thyroid is situated in what compartment

A

the visceral

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63
Q

platysma innervation

A

facial nerve

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64
Q

action of the mylohyoid

A

elevates hyoid

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65
Q

geniohyoid actions

A

pulls hyoid, widens pharynx, shortens floor of mouth

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66
Q

stylohyoid action

A

elevates and retracts hyoid

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67
Q

digastric actions

A

depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

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68
Q

sternohyoid action

A

depresses

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69
Q

omohyoid action

A

depresses and retracts

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70
Q

thyrohyoid actions

A

depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

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71
Q

sternothyroid action

A

depresses hyoid

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72
Q

functions of the nose

A

filtration, respiration, humidification, olfaction

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73
Q

the vertebral beginning of the trachea

A

C6 lower border of the cricoid cartilage

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74
Q

the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by

A

palatine processes of the maxillae and palatine bones, extended by the soft palate

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75
Q

what two bones form the nasal septum

A

vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

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76
Q

the roof of the nose is formed by

A

formed from anterior to posterior the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone, the ethmoid and body of the sphenoid.

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77
Q

what passes through the cribiform plate

A

olfactory nerve

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78
Q

what attaches to the crista gali

A

falx cerebri

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79
Q

what are the various componenet s of the ethmoid bone

A

cribiform plate, crista gali, perpindicular plate, superior and middle concha and ethmoid air cells

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80
Q

what epithelium lines most of the nasal cavity

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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81
Q

the roof of the nasal cavity is line by the

A

olfactory mucosa

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82
Q

what nerve is responsible for smell

A

olfactory nerve

83
Q

venous drainage of the nose is via

A

a venous plexus

84
Q

what are the functions of paranasal sinuses

A

humidify air, lighten the skull and vocal resonance

85
Q

the sphenoid recess opens into

A

the spheno-ethmoid recess

86
Q

posterior ethmoid air cells opens into

A

superior meatus

87
Q

the middle meatus is supplied by

A

maxillary sinus , frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal and middle ethmoidal air cells

88
Q

inferior meatus is supplied by

A

nasolicrimal duct

89
Q

frontal air sinus is innervated by

A

V1

90
Q

maxillary air sinus is innervated by

A

V2

91
Q

sphenoid air sinus is innervated by

A

V1+V2

92
Q

ethmoidal air cells are innverated by

A

V1

93
Q

what bone forms the roof of the naspharynx

A

sphenoid

94
Q

the collection of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx called the

A

adenoids and nasopharyngeal tonsil

95
Q

the underlying muscle and cartilage of the orifice of the eustachian tube

A

salpingopharynegus

96
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

modified synovial hinge

97
Q

the two articular processes of the joint are

A

the madibular fossa of the temporal bone and the coronoid process of the mandible

98
Q

what movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ

A

elevation, depression, protrusion, retrusion and side to side movement

99
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid

100
Q

what are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle

A

temporal fossa and coronoid process

101
Q

anterior fibres of the temporalis contract cause

A

elevation

102
Q

posterior fibres of the temporalis contract cause

A

retraction

103
Q

the massater attachments

A

zygomatic arch and outer surface of the coronoid process

104
Q

the lateral ptyergoid attaches to the

A

the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

105
Q

the medial pterygoid muscle attaches to

A

the medial surface of the lateral pyerygoid plate

106
Q

when the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause

A

protraction

107
Q

two medial pterygoid muscle contract they cause

A

prutrusion

108
Q

elevation of the madible is caused by

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

109
Q

depression of the mandible is caused by

A

digastric, gravity mylohyoid

110
Q

retraction of the madible is caused by

A

temporalis and masseter

111
Q

protrusion of the mandible is caused by the

A

lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid

112
Q

innervation of the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

113
Q

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve emerges through the cranial cavity

A

ovale foramen

114
Q

in the what fossa does the mandibular nerve motor branches supply the muscles of mastication

A

infratemproal fossa

115
Q

the mental nerve enters through the

A

mandibular foramen

116
Q

the roof of the hard palate is made by

A

the palatine process of the maxillae and horizontal plate of the palatine

117
Q

the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is the

A

buccinator

118
Q

the muscles of the soft palate are

A

palatoglossal, palatopharyngeus, pterygoid hamulus, levator, musculus uvulae

119
Q

the nerve supply to the muscles in the soft palate is the

A

pharyngeal branch of CN X

120
Q

the tongue is divided into an anterior 2/3rd’s and a posterior 1/3rd by a V shaped sulcus called the

A

terminal sulcus

121
Q

what are the three types of papillae

A

filiform
fungiform
vallate

122
Q

which papillae doesn’t have taste buds associated

A

filiform

123
Q

what is the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

124
Q

anterior two thirds of the tongue general sensory is due to

A

lingual nerve of the trigeminal nerve

125
Q

taste sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue arises from

A

chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

126
Q

posterior general sensory of the tongue arises from

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

127
Q

taste sensation arises from fro the posterior third of the tongue

A

vagus

128
Q

genioglossus attaches to the

A

inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

129
Q

the action of the genioglossus is

A

protrudes tongue to the opposite side

130
Q

hypnoglossus attaches to

A

upper border of body of mandible

131
Q

action of the hypnoglossus

A

depresses tongue

132
Q

the action of the styloglossus

A

retracts tongue and curls it

133
Q

the styloglossus attaches to the

A

distal styloid process

134
Q

palatoglossus attachment

A

soft palate

135
Q

what nerves innervates the muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal except the palatoglossus which is vagal

136
Q

the parotid gland is innervated by what nerve

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

137
Q

submandibular salivary gland is innervated by

A

chordi tympani

138
Q

sublingual gland is innervated by the

A

chordi tympani

139
Q

the laryngeal inlet consists of the

A

epiglottis, corniculate cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, interarytenoid fold and aryepiglottic fold

140
Q

what lies superior to the true vocal cord

A

vestibular fold (false vocal cords)

141
Q

the cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the

A

the superior laryngeal nerve

142
Q

nerve supply to the intrinsic muscle of the larynx is via

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve

143
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx

A

internal laryngeal nerve

144
Q

normal respiration the vocal cords are

A

abducted

145
Q

rapid breathing the vocal cords are

A

fully abducted

146
Q

singing the vocal cords are

A

adducted

147
Q

what are the three muscles that form the inner longitudinal layer of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus

148
Q

outer circular layer of the pharynx consists of

A

middle, superior and inferior constrictor muscles

149
Q

the pharyngeal plexus is formed by

A

vagus and Cn 9 the glossopharyngeal nerve

150
Q

what provides the sensory innveration to the pharynx

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

151
Q

what provides motor innervation of the phayrnx

A

vagus

152
Q

the space lateral to the epiglottic fold is called the

A

piriform recess

153
Q

the space in front of the epiglottis and between the tongue is called

A

vallecula

154
Q

vocal cord attaches to the

A

vocal process of the aryetnoid cartilage

155
Q

branches of CNV1

A

supra orbital, supratrochlear, lacrimal, infra trochlear, external nasa

156
Q

CNV1 supra orbital and supra trochlear supplies

A

frontal sinus, conjunctiva, eyelid, pericranium and scalp

157
Q

CNv2 branches

A

infra orbital, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal

158
Q

CNv2 infra-orbital supplies

A

mucosa of maxillary sinus, premolar canine and incisor maxillary teeth, skin and conjunctivae of inferior eyelid, skin of check, lateral nose, nasal septum and mucosa of upper lip

159
Q

CNv3 branches

A

auriculotemporal, buccal and mental

160
Q

Cnv3 auriculotemporal supplies

A

sensory skin anterior to auricle and posterior to two thirds of the temporal region, tragus and helix of auricle, roof of external acoustic meatus, skin of superior tympanic membrane

161
Q

CNv3 buccal supplies

A

sensory – skin and oral mucosa of check, gums adjacent to second and third molars

162
Q

Cnv3 mental supplies

A

skin of chin, oral mucosa or lower lip.

163
Q

describe the course of the facial vein

A

The facial vein provides the superficial drainage. It begins as the angular vein and ends as it joins the retromandibular branch as it drains into the internal jugular vein.

164
Q

orbicularis oris attachments

A

medial maxilla and mandible, peri-oral skin and angle of the mouth to the mucous membrane of the lips

165
Q

buccinator attachment

A

mandible, alveolar process of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe to the angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

166
Q

orbicularis oculi attachments

A

medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal bone to the orbits skin and tarsal plates

167
Q

parotid gland parasympathetic innervation

A

glossopharyngeal

168
Q

parotid gland general sensory innervation

A

greater auricular nerve C2/C3

169
Q

deep to the superior half of the SCM is the

A

cervical plexus

170
Q

deep to the inferior half of the SCM is the

A

IJV, common carotid artery and vagus nerve in the carotid sheath

171
Q

lambda connection is between

A

connection between the sagittal sutures and the lambdoid suture

172
Q

coronal suture separates the

A

separating the frontal and parietal bones

173
Q

lambdoid suture separates the

A

parietal and occipital bones.

174
Q

inferior thyroid artery originates from

A

external carotid artery

175
Q

superior thyroid artery originates from the

A

external carotid artery

176
Q

temporalis attachments

A

attachment; proximal attachment to the floor of the temporal fossa and distally to the coronoid process and anterior border of the mandible ramus

177
Q

masseter attachments

A

attachment to the inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic bone maxillary process and arch, distally to the angle and lateral surface of the mandible ramus.

178
Q

lateral pterygoid attachments

A

first head to the infratemporal surface and crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate for the second head. Distally the superior head attaches to the joint capsule of the TMJ and inferiorly to the condyloid process of the mandible.

179
Q

medial pterygoid attachments

A

first head attaches from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and second from the tuberosity of the maxilla to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible inferior to the mandibular foramen.

180
Q

TMJ joint description

A

modified hinge joint involving the head of the mandible, the articular tubercle of the temporal and the mandibular fossa. Covered in fibrocartilage rather than hyaline, the joint capsule is loose and separates the cavity into two separate compartments.

181
Q

describe the course of the CN v3

A

descends via the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossa dividing into the lingual, inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal nerves posteriorly. Anteriorly it divides into the buccal nerve and the muscles of mastication.

182
Q

the lingual nerve supplies the

A

sensory innervation to the anterior two thirds of the mouth, floor of the mouth and lingual gingivae.

183
Q

inferior alveolar nerve supplies/ course for the

A

mandibular foramen and passes through the mandibular canal forming the dental plexus, a branch to the mylohyoid then to the menta nerve via the mental foramen.

184
Q

roof of the mouth and teeth is via the

A

CNv2 superior alveolar

185
Q

thick part of the TMJ joint capsule forms

A

lateral ligament

186
Q

stylomandibular ligament is formed by the

A

a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland runs to the styloid process and the angle of the mandible

187
Q

sphenomandibular ligament is formed by the

A

runs from the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible and acts as a swing.

188
Q

arterial supply of the eye

A

branch of the internal carotid and there is the infra orbital a branch of the maxillary artery

189
Q

venous drainage of the eye

A

inferior and superior ophthalmic veins which pass through the superior orbital fissure from the cavernous sinus.

190
Q

sphincter pupillae description

A

– decreases the diameter of the pupil and is parasympathetically stimulated, arranged circularly

191
Q

dilator pupillae description

A

increases diameter, radially arranged and is sympathetically stimulated

192
Q

ligaments of the eye are

A

sheaths from the medial and lateral rectus form the medial and lateral check ligaments.
inferior and superior oblique sheaths form a suspensory ligament

193
Q

skin of the auricle is innervated by the

A

by the greater auricular and auriculotemporal CNV3 nerves with some innervation by the facial and vagus

194
Q

external tympanic membrane is innervated by the

A

external tympanic membrane is through auriculotemporal nerve CNV3, internal surface is the glossopharyngeal nerve

195
Q

tympanic membrane related to the chorda tympani via the malleus attaches to it and posterior to the malleus is the chorda tympani

A

the malleus attaches to it and posterior to the malleus is the chorda tympani

196
Q

where is the internal carotid artery to the middle ear cavity

A

anteriorly

197
Q

the IJV is related to the middle ear by

A

inferiorly

198
Q

hyperacusis refers to

A

debilitating hearing disorder characterised by sensitivity to certain frequencies and volume ranges. Caused by excess exposure to high decibels

199
Q

facial and scalp lymphatic drainage

A

They the drain into the superficial ring (peri-cervical) – submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid and occipital, they then drain deep cervical chain along the IJV which feed into the jugular lymph trunk which joins the thoracic duct.

200
Q

upper and lateral lower lip lymphatically drained by

A

submandibular

201
Q

lymph from chin and central lower lip drains into the

A

submental lymph nodes

202
Q

posterior third of the tongue lymphatically is drained by

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

203
Q

medial anterior two thirds of the tongue supplied by

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

204
Q

lateral two thirds of the tongue drain to the

A

submandibular lymph nodes

Anatomy (18 decks)

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