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Anatomy > renal, endo and histo > Flashcards

renal, endo and histo Flashcards

1
Q

describe the order of vessels entering the kidney

A

renal vein, Renal artery, renal pelvis

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2
Q

coverings of the kidney

A

perinephric fat surrounds the kidneys and suprarenal glands. This is then encased is a renal fascia. External to this is the paranephric fat.

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3
Q

renal arteries arise at

A

L1/L2

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4
Q

which renal artery is longer?

A

right as it passes posterior to the IVC

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5
Q

which renal vein is longer

A

left, passes anterior to the aorta

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6
Q

location of the kidneys

A

T12-L3

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7
Q

peritoneal covering of the kidney

A

retroperitoneal

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8
Q

anterior relations of left kidney

A

stomach, spleen, jejunum and ascending colon

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9
Q

anterior relations of right kidney

A

liver, duodenum, ascending colon

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10
Q

posterior relations of the kidneys

A

quadratus lumborum, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

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11
Q

peritoneal covering of the ureter

A

retroperitoneal

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12
Q

constrictions of the ureter

A

constrictions; junction of the ureters and renal pelves, ureter cross the brim of the pelvic inlet over the external iliac artery, and as it passes through the wall of the urinary bladder.

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13
Q

trigone relations

A

angles are the ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice.

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14
Q

walls of the bladder consist of

A

detrusor muscle

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15
Q

thyroid level

A

C5-T1

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16
Q

thyroid is connected to what?

A

cricoid cartilage by a dense fibrous capsule

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17
Q

superior thyroid artery arises from

A

external carotid

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18
Q

inferior thyroid artery arises from

A

thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

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19
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into

A

IJV

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20
Q

inferior thyroid vein drains into

A

brachiocephalic

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21
Q

innervation of parathyroid and thyroid

A

cervical sympathetic ganglion

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22
Q

coverings of the supra renal glands

A

encased in connective tissue and considerable perinephric fat and enclosed by renal fascia attaching them to the crura of the diaphragm.

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23
Q

superior suprarenal artery arises from

A

inferior phrenic artery

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24
Q

middle suprarenal artery arises from

A

abdominal aorta near SMA origin

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25
Q

inferior suprarenal artery originates from

A

renal artery

26
Q

short right suprarenal vein drains into the

27
Q

longer left suprarenal vein drains into the

A

left renal vein with the inferior phrenic

28
Q

pancreas peritoneal covering

A

retroperitoneal

29
Q

pancreas arterial supply

30
Q

pancreas venous drainage

A

feed into the splenic and superior mesenteric vein into the hepatic portal vein. dominant is the splenic though.

31
Q

location of the pituitary

A

suspended form the underside of the brain by the “pituitary stalk”, or the infundibulum. Sits within the sphenoid bone part called the sella turcica.

32
Q

pituitary anterior lobe parts

A

pars anterior – largest part
pars intermedia – thin epithelial layer separating anterior form posterior
pars tuberalis – upwards extension of pars anterior

33
Q

anterior pituitary lobe communicated with the hypothalamus how

A

anterior lobe communicates with the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal vessels

34
Q

posterior pituitary lobe communicated with the hypothalamus how

A

magnocellular neurones originating in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

35
Q

anterior pituitary lobe arterial supply

A

superior hypophyseal vessel from the internal carotid

36
Q

posterior pituitary lobe arterial supply

A

superior hypophyseal artery, infundibular artery and hypophyseal inferior artery

37
Q

layers of a blood vessel histo

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

38
Q

2 types of arteries

A

muscular and elastic

39
Q

layers of the skin

A 
Basal layer
stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
40
Q

what is found in the spinosum layer

A

langerhans cells and keratinocytes

41
Q

filiform papillae

A

common, appear white. are keratinized. thread like

42
Q

fungiform papillae

A

mushroom like. not keratinised. highly vascular

43
Q

circumvallate papillae

A

largest, taste buds.

44
Q

most dominant layer in the oesophagus

A

adventitia

45
Q

most dominant layer in the stomach

A

muscular external

46
Q

duodenum most dominant layer

A

submucosa/musclaris externa

47
Q

jejunum dominant layer

48
Q

colon dominant layer

A

muscularis externa

49
Q

are there parietal cells in the pyloric region

50
Q

ileum distinguishing features

A

many peyer’s patches, large muscularis externa and little to no plicae

51
Q

epithelium of the colon

A

simple columnar mucous absorptive cells

52
Q

submandibular gland secretions

A

serous and mucous mixed

53
Q

sublingual secretions

54
Q

parotid secretions

55
Q

gallbladder is lined with

A

simple columnar epithelium

56
Q

type 2 pneumocytes secrete

A

surfactant

57
Q

proximal convoluted tubule is coated in

A

simple cubodial epithelium

58
Q

thin portions of the loop of Henel is coated in simple squmous epithelium

A

in simple squamous epithelium

59
Q

ureter is coated in

A

stratiifed transitional epithelium

60
Q

layer’s of the eye

A

epithelium stratified squamous, Bowman’s membrane, Stroma, Descemet’s layer, endothelium

61
Q

vocal cord epithelial lining

A

stratified squamous

62
Q

epithelium of the oral mucosa

A

stratified non-keratinizng sqamous epithelium

Anatomy (18 decks)

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