Reproductive

Question 1

What is a Barr body

Answer 1

Inactivated X chromosome

Question 2

Whats the process called which inactivated X chromosome

Answer 2

Lyonziation (random process)

Question 3

How many Barr bodies are in Triple X syndrome

Answer 3

2

Question 4

How many Barr bodies are in Klinefelters syndrome

Answer 4

1 (XXY)

Question 5

Euploidy

Answer 5

46 chromosomes

Right number

Question 6

aneuploidy

Answer 6

Abnormal number

Question 7

Bipotential

Answer 7

Embryonic tissue

Cant morphologically identify as male/female

Question 8

Maternal Non disjunction

Answer 8

Aneuploidy

Question 9

6 week embryo

Answer 9

Bipotential

Question 10

7 week embryo

Answer 10

Gonad formation

Question 11

SRY gene is found where?

Answer 11

Y chromosome

Question 12

Gonads develop from cells of what?

Answer 12

Cells of genital ridge in embryo

Question 13

SRY gene codes for what protein?

What 3 things does it activate?

Answer 13

TDF

SOX9 / WT1 / SF1

Question 14

Testes form from where?

Answer 14

Bipotential gonad inner medulla

Question 15

At what wk do genital ridge form ovaries?

What does it need?

Answer 15

11 Wk if no SRY gene present

2 XX chromosomes

Question 16

What syndrome causes them to not have ovaries?

Answer 16

Turners Syndrome

Question 17

What two hormones are made from the testes at 11Wk

Answer 17

Testosterone

MIH

Question 18

What does the MIH degenerate?

Thus what does it leave behind

Answer 18

Degenerates Mullerian Duct

Wolffian duct

Question 19

What does the Wolffian Duct concert into in the presence of testosterone (3)

Answer 19

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicle

Question 20

What enzyme forms DIH

Answer 20

5 alpha reductase

Question 21

What does DIH form?

Answer 21

Penis

Scrotum

Question 22

If the SRY gene is not present (female) what is absent?

Answer 22

MIH

Question 23

What degenerates and what forms?

Answer 23

Müllerian duct forms

Wolffian Duct degenerates

Question 24

Guevedoces can’t form what?

Why?

Answer 24

DIH

No 5 alpha reductase

Question 25

What “symptoms” are shown in Guevedocos

Answer 25

No male external genitalia Puberty starts secreting testosterone which causes growth

Question 26

What does the Wolffian Duct need to stop it degenerating?

Answer 26

Needs testosterone

Question 27

What’s missing in androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 27

NR3C4 Therefore androgens cant bind

Question 28

Proteogenic Drugs metabolise into what?

Answer 28

Androgens

Question 29

Oogonia undergo mitosis differentiation to become?

Answer 29

Primary Oocyte

Question 30

Degeneration of ovarian follicles

Answer 30

Atresia

Question 31

How many primary oocytes do we need?

Answer 31

500

Question 32

Time between birth and puberty

Answer 32

Dictyotene phase

Question 33

Primary Oocyte undergoes meitotic division to form what?

Answer 33

Secondary Oocyte + 1st polar body

Question 34

Secondary Oocyte undergoes 2nd meiotic division to become?

Answer 34

Mature Ovum + 2nd polar body

Question 35

Follicle

Answer 35

Oocyte + Follicular Epithelial cells

Question 36

Primary Follicles contain a single layer of what?

Answer 36

Grandkids cells

Question 37

Prenatal follicle

Answer 37

Early Theca Zona pellucida forms

Question 38

Early antrai follicle

Answer 38

Theca forms Antrim forms

Question 39

How is the antrum formed?

Answer 39

Granulosa cells secreting fluid which collect in central cavities

Question 40

Antral fluid contains what?

Answer 40

Hormones/ Enzymes

Question 41

Oocyte connects to the granulosa via what?

Answer 41

Cumulus Oophorus

Question 42

What causes the separation of egg and follicle

Answer 42

MMP + Prostaglandins

Question 43

After egg separates Follicular cells + Granulosa cells form what?

Answer 43

Corpus luteum

Question 44

Whats the process of forming of corpus luteum?

Answer 44

Lutenization

Question 45

What secretes progesterone / oestrogen / inhibin?

Answer 45

Luteal cells

Question 46

What hormone stops contraction?

Answer 46

Progesterone

Question 47

What does the corpus luteum disintegrate into if no pregnancy?

Answer 47

Corpus albican

Question 48

What causes LH surge?

Answer 48

Excessive oestrogen + rising progesterone

Question 49

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 49

Coiled tubules of seminiferous tubule

Question 50

What forms 80% of testicular mass

Answer 50

Seminiferous tubule

Question 51

Leydig cells lie where?

Answer 51

Between seminiferous tubules

Question 52

What do Leydig cells secrete?

Answer 52

Testosterone

Question 53

When are leydig cells active? And inactive?

Answer 53

Active in foetus Inactive at birth

Question 54

What converts testosterone into | Oestradiol?

Answer 54

Aromatase

Question 55

What do Sertoli cells only allow?

Answer 55

Testosterone to pass

Question 56

What do Sertoli cells produce (3)

Answer 56

Inhibin Activism ABP

Question 57

Where do spermatids develop flagellated tails

Answer 57

Apical membrane

Question 58

Where do sperm complete maturation?

Answer 58

In the epididymis

Question 59

After leaving the Sertoli cells, where do sperm go to?

Answer 59

Rete testis Vas deferens Urethra

Question 60

FSH initiates what?

Answer 60

Gametogenesis

Question 61

What inhibit FSH secretion?

Answer 61

Inhibits

Question 62

What stimulates FSH secretion

Answer 62

Activins

Question 63

LH stimulate production of what?

Answer 63

Steroid sex hormone Leydig (testosterone)

Question 64

What can affect reproduction cycle?

Answer 64

Day / night cycle Melatonin levels

Question 65

What can block oestrogen effects?

Answer 65

Plastics / Drugs Block oestrogen by binding to receptor