Heart Failure Essay Flashcards
Definition of heart failure
Inability to maintain a CO to meet the metabolic requirements of the body and accommodate venous return
Causes of HF leads to what?
Loss of critical quantity of myocardial cells
Name 5 causes of Hf
Congenital valve defects
Cardiomyopathy
Ischaemic heart disease
Chronic hypertension
Endogenous/myo/peri carditis
What are the types of HF
Acute and chronic
Acute-derived from chronic leads to MI
Chronic- long term set of symptoms
Name 8 symptoms of Hf
Hypotension (90/60)
Pulmonary oedema
Peripheral oedema
Palpitations
Wheezing
dyspnea
Hypoperfusion
impaired cardiac reserve
What does the frank starling increase
Preload
Increases SV + CO
How does the frank starling mechanism increase preload
Increasing force of contraction
Increase venous return
Increases preload
What happens to myocardial cells with frank starling mechanism
Eventually degenerates
What activates the SNS compensatory mechanism
What’s released
Baroreceptor reflex (drop in MAP)
Epinephrine/norepinephrine
What does the overstimulation of SNS lead to (2)
Myocardial toxicity
Cardiac workload/O2 demand increasing
Woresening heart failure
What can Ag2 act as
What does this eventually lead to
Vasoconstrictor
Increasing workload
What’s upregulated with Hf
Bio markers
Natriuretic peptides
Which side of heart is affected first?
Left side
What happens to left side contractility
Impaired
Leads to LSCO decreasing
What happens to EDP due to left side contractility impairment
EDP increase
What does the pulmonary pressure increase to leading to pulmonary oedemas
8mmHg —> 18-20mmHg
Right hand side fails leading to what for EDP
EDP decreases
Which system for the right side block up
Systemic system
What’s the pressure in the systemic system build up to
5mmHg —> 10mmHg
Congestive heart failure
Both left / right fail concurrently
Name the 5 stage viscous cycle of Hf
LV dysfunction
Decreased CO/BP
Compensatory mechanisms
Increase CO/Bp
Increased workload
LV dysfunction
