Renal drugs

Question 1

Whats the goal of Renal Drugs?

Answer 1

Reduce excessive physiological oedema by reducing extracellular fluid volume

Question 2

Name the 3 physiologically changes that occur with Renal Drugs

Answer 2

Reduced Cap. hydrostatic pressure

Reduced venous pressure

Reduced cardiac load

Question 3

Name a high ceiling drug

Answer 3

Loop diuretics

Question 4

Name a low ceiling drug

Answer 4

Thiazides

Question 5

Mannitol

Where does it act?

Answer 5

Absorbed in glomerulus but doesnt get reabsorbed

Question 6

Mannitol

When is it given (pressure) ?

Answer 6

Raised intracranial pressure

Question 7

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAI)

Where does it act?

Answer 7

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

CAI—-> PCT

Question 8

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI)

What does it stop the conversion of in the lumen?

Whats then released in terms of excretion?

Answer 8

H2CO3 —> H20 + CO2

Na2HCO3 excreted

Question 9

Acetazolamide (CAI)

When is this CAI used for?

Answer 9

Glaucoma

Optic nerve damage/pressure in eye

Question 10

Acetazolamide (CAI)

Due to bicarbonate loss, what can occur? (2)

Answer 10

Metabolic acidosis

Blood dyscrasias

Question 11

Loop diuretics

Where do these act upon?

Answer 11

Ascending limb of loop of henle

Question 12

Loop diuretics

What do they inhibit?
What does this cause for reabsorption?

Answer 12

Na/K/2CL- symporter

Reduced water reabsorption

Question 13

Furosemide

What category of drug does it go under?

Answer 13

Loop diuretic

Question 14

Why can hypokalemia occur in loop diuretics?

Answer 14

K+ secretion is coupled with Na reabsoprtion due to Na+K+ ATPase

Question 15

Bendroflumethiazide

Is what type of drug?

Answer 15

Thiazide

Question 16

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 16

Inhibits NaCl co transporter

Reduces Na reabsorption=
Water retention

Question 17

Hydrochlorothiazide

What is this combined with for synergistic effects?

Answer 17

Loop diuretics

Question 18

Name a potassium sparing drug

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

Spironolactone

What does this get converted to?
What type of Antagonist is it?

Answer 19

Canrenone

Aldosterone MR antagonist

Question 20

Spironolactone

What is the mechanism of this drug?

Where does it act upon?

Answer 20

Inhibits sodium reabsorption by competiting with aldosterone

Distal tubule Na/K+

Question 21

Where do thiazides act on?

Answer 21

DCT (distal convoluted tubule)

Question 22

Name a Na channel blocker

Answer 22

Amiloride

Question 23

What does amiloride block and where?

Answer 23

Blocks sodium channel so no sodium reabsorption meaning K+ is sparred

Acts on collecting duct (ENaC)

Question 24

Side effect of mannitol (2)

Answer 24

Transient expansion of ECF

Hyponatraemia

Question 25

What does CAI reduce for glaucoma’s

Answer 25

Aqueous humour

Less pressure on eye

Question 26

Decreased production of what comes from loop diuretics

Answer 26

Endogenous ouabain like natriuretic hormone (vasoconstrictor)

Question 27

What does furosemide cause

Answer 27

Copious urine production

Question 28

What Renal side effect comes from furosemide

Answer 28

Hupokalemia / metabolic alkalosis

Question 29

What non Renal side effect comes from furosemide

Answer 29

Hearing loss

Insulin resistance (metabolic change)

Question 30

What do thiazides resolve/reduce

Answer 30

Risk of stroke

Heart attacks

Recurrent stone formation in IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA

Question 31

What do thiazides cause side effects (2)

Answer 31

Hypotension

Hypokalaemia

Question 32

What 3 things are spironolactone used for?

Answer 32

Heart failure

Hypertension

Conns Syndrome-tumour

Question 33

Side effects of spironolactone (2)

Answer 33

Hirtuism

Acne

Question 34

Side effects of amiloride

Answer 34

Vomiting

Nausea