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Systemic Pathology > Reproductive 4 > Flashcards

Reproductive 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Implantation of the placenta over or near cervix, in lower part of the uterus

A

Placenta Previa

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2
Q

Placenta may completely or partially cover the opening of the cervix

A

Placenta Previa

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3
Q

Fibroids and scars in the uterus are common risk factor

A

Placenta previa

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4
Q

Ultrasonography used to identify this pathology

A

Placenta Previa

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5
Q

caesarean section is almost always performed
before labour begins.

A

Placenta Previa

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6
Q

placenta tends to become detached very early, depriving the baby of its oxygen supply.

A

Placenta previa

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7
Q

Aka placental abruption

premature detachment of a
normally positioned placenta from the wall of the uterus

A

Abruptio Placentae

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8
Q

This complication is more common among women who have high blood pressure (including preeclampsia) and among women who use cocaine.

A

Abruptio Placentae

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9
Q

uterus bleeds from the site where the placenta was attached.

A

Abruptio Placentae

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10
Q

Symptoms depend on the degree of detachment and the amount of blood lost (which may be massive)

A

Abruptio Placentae

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11
Q

Aka molar pregnancy

  • growth of an abnormal fertilized egg
  • Growths are not viable
A

Hydatidiform mole

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12
Q
  • During fertilization, maternal chromosomes are lost, and paternal chromosomes duplicate
  • Incorrect genetic makeup
A

Hydatidiform Mole

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13
Q

Moles have 46 XX or 46 XY karyotype, all from the father

A

Complete mole

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14
Q

Moles evolve from oocytes fertilized with 1 or 2 spermazoa, therefore, cells have 69 or 92 chromosomes

A

Incomplete moles

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15
Q
  • Risk highest for pregnant women before age 17 or late 30’s+
  • Nearly 10 times more common in asian women
A

Hydatidiform mole

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16
Q

Grow much faster than fetus, causing abdomen to become larger faster

A

Hydatidiform mole

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17
Q
  • No fetal movement or heartbeat detected
  • As parts decay, small amounts resembling a bunch of grapes may pass through vagina
A

Hydatidiform mole

18
Q

If present, levels of hCG may be high

A

Hydatidiform mole

19
Q

15-20% of hydatidiform moles invade surrounding tissue

A

Invasive mole

20
Q
  • 2-3% of these can become cancerous and spread through body
  • Can spread quick through blood/lymph systems
A

Choriocarcinomas

21
Q

malignant tumour composed of cytotrophoblastic
and syncytiotrophoblastic cells

A

Choriocarcinoma

22
Q

High cure rates except for those with brain metastasis

A

Choriocarcinoma

23
Q

Most common inflammatory disease of the breast

A

Mastitis

24
Q
  • Caused by purulent bacteria
  • Affecting women who are lactating
  • Microbes invade breast through milk ducts
A

Mastitis

25
Q
  • Stagnant milk provides good growth area for bacteria
  • Causes swelling of breast or localized abcess to form
A

Mastitis

26
Q
  • Entire area is edematous and infiltrated with acute inflammatory cells (PMNs)
A

Mastitis

27
Q
  • Excratory ducts may contain pus, and if massive suppuration occurs in conjunction w/ destruction of tissue, abcess will develop
A

Mastitis

28
Q

Common benign breast irregularities
* Tissue nodularity

A

Benign breast disease and fibroadenoma

29
Q

Causes nodularity, mastalgia, biliateral swelling, nipple discharge

A

Benign breast disease and fibroadenoma

30
Q

Normal fat cells in breast become round, firm lumps made up of fatty tissue

A

Fat necrosis

31
Q

Most often in obese women with large breasts or after injury to breast

A

Fat necrosis

32
Q

Inadequate blood supply causes some cells to die and release particles of fat

A

Fat necrosis

33
Q
  • Breast cancer that starts in milk ducts
  • 80%
A

Ductal carcinoma

34
Q
  • Breast cancer that starts in milk producing glands
  • 20%
A

Lobular carcinoma

35
Q

M/c type of in situ cancer, precancerous, highly treatable

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

36
Q
  • Most common invasive breast cancer
  • begins in duct
  • breaks through duct wall
A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

37
Q

Grows through wall of lobule and spreads via lymphatics

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

38
Q

Uncommon ductal carcinomas, invasive but better outcome than other types

A

Medullary, tubular, mucinous carcinoma

39
Q

rare, aggressive, invasive ductal cancer, presents similar to infection

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

40
Q

rare ductal cancer arising near ducts of nipple

A

Pagets disease of the nipple

41
Q

Local extension may involve chest wall, ribs, pleura, lungs, bronchi, vertebrae

A

Breast cancer metastasis

42
Q
A

Systemic Pathology (12 decks)

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