Reproductive 4

Question 1

Implantation of the placenta over or near cervix, in lower part of the uterus

Answer 1

Placenta Previa

Question 2

Placenta may completely or partially cover the opening of the cervix

Answer 2

Placenta Previa

Question 3

Fibroids and scars in the uterus are common risk factor

Answer 3

Placenta previa

Question 4

Ultrasonography used to identify this pathology

Answer 4

Placenta Previa

Question 5

caesarean section is almost always performed
before labour begins.

Answer 5

Placenta Previa

Question 6

placenta tends to become detached very early, depriving the baby of its oxygen supply.

Answer 6

Placenta previa

Question 7

Aka placental abruption

premature detachment of a
normally positioned placenta from the wall of the uterus

Answer 7

Abruptio Placentae

Question 8

This complication is more common among women who have high blood pressure (including preeclampsia) and among women who use cocaine.

Answer 8

Abruptio Placentae

Question 9

uterus bleeds from the site where the placenta was attached.

Answer 9

Abruptio Placentae

Question 10

Symptoms depend on the degree of detachment and the amount of blood lost (which may be massive)

Answer 10

Abruptio Placentae

Question 11

Aka molar pregnancy

• growth of an abnormal fertilized egg
• Growths are not viable

Answer 11

Hydatidiform mole

Question 12

• During fertilization, maternal chromosomes are lost, and paternal chromosomes duplicate
• Incorrect genetic makeup

Answer 12

Hydatidiform Mole

Question 13

Moles have 46 XX or 46 XY karyotype, all from the father

Answer 13

Complete mole

Question 14

Moles evolve from oocytes fertilized with 1 or 2 spermazoa, therefore, cells have 69 or 92 chromosomes

Answer 14

Incomplete moles

Question 15

• Risk highest for pregnant women before age 17 or late 30’s+
• Nearly 10 times more common in asian women

Answer 15

Hydatidiform mole

Question 16

Grow much faster than fetus, causing abdomen to become larger faster

Answer 16

Hydatidiform mole

Question 17

• No fetal movement or heartbeat detected
• As parts decay, small amounts resembling a bunch of grapes may pass through vagina

Answer 17

Hydatidiform mole

Question 18

If present, levels of hCG may be high

Answer 18

Hydatidiform mole

Question 19

15-20% of hydatidiform moles invade surrounding tissue

Answer 19

Invasive mole

Question 20

• 2-3% of these can become cancerous and spread through body
• Can spread quick through blood/lymph systems

Answer 20

Choriocarcinomas

Question 21

malignant tumour composed of cytotrophoblastic
and syncytiotrophoblastic cells

Answer 21

Choriocarcinoma

Question 22

High cure rates except for those with brain metastasis

Answer 22

Choriocarcinoma

Question 23

Most common inflammatory disease of the breast

Answer 23

Mastitis

Question 24

• Caused by purulent bacteria
• Affecting women who are lactating
• Microbes invade breast through milk ducts

Answer 24

Mastitis

Question 25

* Stagnant milk provides good growth area for bacteria * Causes swelling of breast or localized abcess to form

Answer 25

Mastitis

Question 26

* Entire area is edematous and infiltrated with acute inflammatory cells (PMNs)

Answer 26

Mastitis

Question 27

* Excratory ducts may contain pus, and if massive suppuration occurs in conjunction w/ destruction of tissue, abcess will develop

Answer 27

Mastitis

Question 28

Common benign breast irregularities * Tissue nodularity

Answer 28

Benign breast disease and fibroadenoma

Question 29

Causes nodularity, mastalgia, biliateral swelling, nipple discharge

Answer 29

Benign breast disease and fibroadenoma

Question 30

Normal fat cells in breast become round, firm lumps made up of fatty tissue

Answer 30

Fat necrosis

Question 31

Most often in obese women with large breasts or after injury to breast

Answer 31

Fat necrosis

Question 32

Inadequate blood supply causes some cells to die and release particles of fat

Answer 32

Fat necrosis

Question 33

* Breast cancer that starts in milk ducts * 80%

Answer 33

Ductal carcinoma

Question 34

* Breast cancer that starts in milk producing glands * 20%

Answer 34

Lobular carcinoma

Question 35

M/c type of in situ cancer, precancerous, highly treatable

Answer 35

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 36

* Most common invasive breast cancer * begins in duct * breaks through duct wall

Answer 36

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 37

Grows through wall of lobule and spreads via lymphatics

Answer 37

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Question 38

Uncommon ductal carcinomas, invasive but better outcome than other types

Answer 38

Medullary, tubular, mucinous carcinoma

Question 39

rare, aggressive, invasive ductal cancer, presents similar to infection

Answer 39

Inflammatory breast cancer

Question 40

rare ductal cancer arising near ducts of nipple

Answer 40

Pagets disease of the nipple

Question 41

Local extension may involve chest wall, ribs, pleura, lungs, bronchi, vertebrae

Answer 41

Breast cancer metastasis