Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systemic Pathology > Class 6 - Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Class 6 - Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs. Can be infection (bacterial/viral) that affects one or both lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pneumonia Incidence

A

Very common, worldwide leading cause of death. Viral m/c in children, Bacterial m/c in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pneumonia Risk Factors

A

Smoking, acute respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, illness, age (young or old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

Streptococcus (m/c), haemophilus influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alveolar pneumonia

A

involves alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Interstitial pneumonia

A

involves septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

limited to segmental bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

widespread or diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pneumonia upper respiratory flora

A

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pneumonia Enteric Saphrophytes

A

*
* Candida albicans (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pneumonia Extraneous pathogens

A
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pneumonia routes of infection Inhalation

A

pathogens in air droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pneumonia routes of infection Aspiration

A

Of infected secretion from URT, infected particles from GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pneumonia routes of infection Hematogenous

A

Spread from sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pneumonia Clinical Manifestations

A

chest pain, productive cough, brown/green sputum, dyspnea, headache, chills, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pneumonia Diagnosis

A
    • Culture, chest films, physical examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pneumonia Treatment

A

Antibiotics, rest, fluids, medications, vaccinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pneumonia Complications Pleuritis

A

pus can fill pleural cavity (empyema). Lungs cannot expand during inspiration (fibrosis), leading to restrictive lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pneumonia Complications Abscesses

A

Highly virulent bacteria, destroys lung parenchyma. Pus causes destruction of walls, leads to bronchial dilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pneumonia Complications Chronic Inflammation

A

Pneumonia unresponsive to treatment, destruction of lung parenchyma and fibrosis - looks like honeycomb lungs on x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP)

A
  • Idiopathic, often fatal fungal pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP) Risk factors

A

immunosupression , chemo, transplantation, malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP) Diagnosis/Treatment

A

culture lab tests, antifungal meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Legionnaires Disease

A

Rare pneumonia infectious disease, causes massive consolidation (fluid in lungs) and necrosis of lung tissue. Treatment - antibiotics

26
Q

Pulmonary TB

A

Infectious, inflammatory disease of lungs that may involve lymph nodes and other organs

27
Q

Primary Pulmonary TB

A
    • Infection usually aymptomatic
28
Q

Secondary Pulmonary TB

A

When primary infection becomes active cause of lower resistance

29
Q

Pulmonary TB Incidence

A

2 billion cases worldwide, highest in SE asia, africa, eastern europe

30
Q

Pulmonary TB Etiology

A
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
31
Q

Pulmonary TB Risk Factors

A

Immunocompromised, elderly, overcrowding, drugs, malnutrition, poor health

32
Q

Pulmonary TB cause of increased risk of advanced disease

A

smoking

33
Q

Pulmonary TB Pathogenesis

A

Granulomas with caseous necrosis (Type IV HS reaction)

34
Q

Pulmonary TB Ghon Complex

A
  • X ray of lymph node involvement, fibrosis
35
Q

Pulmonary TB Clinical manifestations

A

Hymoptysis (blood cough) , Productive cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats, fatigue

36
Q

Pulmonary TB diagnosis

A

History, PE, Tuberculin skin test, culture sputum

37
Q

Pulmonary TB treatment

A

Medications

38
Q

Lung Abscess

A

accumulation of purulent exudate within the lung. Usually complication of pneumonia

39
Q

Lung Abscess Etiology

A

poor oral hygiene, alcohol, drugs, altered consciousness, older patients. M/c due to aspiration are anaerobic bacteria

40
Q

Lung Abscess Pathogenesis

A

Inflammation, tissue necrosis, usually ruptures into bronchus. Erodes bronchial walls and patients get bad breath

41
Q

Lung Abscess Clinical Manifestations

A

Productive cough, foul-smelling sputum, fever, chills,

42
Q

Lung Abscess Diagnosis

A

*
* X-ray, sputum analysis, imaging

43
Q

Lung Abscess Treatment

A

Antibiotics, percussion, good nutrition, drainage

44
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Chronic airflow limitation that is not fully reversible

45
Q

COPD Types

A

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema

46
Q

Chronic bronchitis diagnosis

A

Productive cough lasting at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years

47
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of lung parenchyma and pathological accumulation of air in lungs

48
Q

COPD Etiology/risk factors

A

*
* Smoking, age, genetics

49
Q

Pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis

A

Inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Increased mucus production, leading to increased infection risk

50
Q

COPD clinical manifestation

A

Productive cough, SOB, cor pulmonale, malaise, recurrent infection

51
Q

Pathogenesis of Emphysema

A

Destruction of elastin protein causes narrowing or collapse of bronchioles which traps air in lungs

52
Q

Emphysema Blebs and bullae

A

Blebs (small pockets of trapped air) Bullae (large pockets of trapped air)

53
Q

Emphysema Clinical Manifestation

A

Exertional dyspnea, thin, barrel chest, tachypnea, anxiety, wheezing, cough

54
Q

COPD Diagnosis

A

History, physical exam, pulmonary function tests, x-ray, CT, blood tests

55
Q

COPD Treatment

A

Quit smoking, medications, airways clearance, exercise, avoiding irritants, diet, oxygen, surgery

56
Q

COPD Prognosis

A

Poor, mortality rate 10 years after diagnosis >50%

57
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Obstructive lung disease characterized by irreversible destruction and dilation of airways – Generally with chronic bacterial infections and cystic fibrosis

58
Q

Bronchiectasis Etiology/Risk factors

A

Cystic Fibrosis, any condition producing of narrowed lumen of bronchioles (tb, viral, pneumonia)

59
Q

Bronchiectasis Pathogenesis

A

Frequent infections/inflammation causing mucus and fibrosis

60
Q

Bronchiectasis Clinical Manifestations

A

persistent coughing, dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss

61
Q

Bronchiectasis Treatment

A

Bronchodilators, Antibiotics, Corticosteroids, hydration, surgery

62
Q

Bronchiectasis Diagnosis

A

Imaging, history, clinical manifestation, genetic testing

Systemic Pathology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions