Reproductive 2 Flashcards
Yeast infection with candida albicans
Candidiasis
Risk factors include poor hygiene, hot weather, diet, clothing
Candidiasis
Itching and burning with cottage cheese like discharge
Candidiasis
Treated with antifungals and lifestyle modification
Candidiasis
Benign lesions of the skin or mucus membranes of the genitals
Genital warts
Caused by some HPV strains and can cause flat warts in cervical canal or anus
Genital warts
80% women affected once by age 50, most clear within 1-2 years
Genital Warts
Soft, moist, tiny, pink or grey polyps that can have cauliflower appearance
Genital warts
May be rough or appear in clusters. Prevention includes vaccination
Genital warts
Infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Results from microorganisms asceding up into the endometrium and fallopian tubes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
M/c causes of pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia
gonorrhea
Inflammation of the cervix
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the uterus
Endometritis
Inflammation of the ovaries
Oophoritis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
Can cause infertility, chronic pain and/or ectopic
pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Common benign outgrowths of the cervix/endocervix
Cervical polyps
Most are asymptomatic and occur in 2-5% of women.
Possibly due to chronic inflammation
Cervical polyps
<1cm in size, rarely malignant, diagnosed by speculum examination
Cervical polyps
Largely preventable cancer m/c caused by HPV
Rates declining rapidly since 1930’s
Cervical cancer
Slow growing neoplasm, responding well to treatment
Cervical cancer
Prevention with pap test, barrier protection, monogamy, less smoking
Cervical cancer
Benign overgrowth of the endometrium
Endometrial hyperplasia
- Due to excess estrogen and deficient progesterone
- M/c symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Can lead to endometrial cancer
Endometrial hyperplasia
- Estrogen-dependant, non-cancerous disorder
- Functioning endometrial tissue implanted outside the
uterine cavity
Common up to 60% of women
Endometriosis
M/c occurs in ovaries, fallopian tubes, broad ligaments, bladder, pelvic musculature, perineum, vulva, vagina, intestines
Endometriosis
- Incidence increased in first-degree relatives, suggesting genetics a factor
- Incidence also increased in women who delay childbearing who have shortened menstrual cycles with menses that are abnormally long
Endometriosis
- Endometrial cells transported from uterine cavity to ectopic sites
Endometriosis
Retrograde flow of menstrual tissue could transport endometrial cells
Endometriosis
Endometriotic implants identical to intrauterine endometrium, with identical estrogen and progesterone receptors, allowing for growth
Endometriosis
Treatment includes:
pregnancy, nsaids, meds, birth control pills, surgery
Endometriosis
Aka Uterine Fibroids
Benign uterine tumors of smooth muscle origin
Leiomyoma
Primary reason for hysterectomies
Leiomyoma
Cancer lining the uterus
Uterine cancer
M/c cancer of the female reproductive organs
Uterine cancer
Related to any condition that increases estrogen exposure, unopposed by progesterone
Uterine Cancer
Cigarette smoking, physical activity, hormonal contraceptives appear to decrease risk
Uterine cancer
