Reproductive 3 Flashcards
Benign, idiopathic, generally asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously
AKA functional cysts or unruptured follicles
Ovarian cysts
Ovarian follicles enlarge during proliferative stage of cycle and transform into graafian follicles
Ovarian cysts
Follicles that have not ruptured may remain filled with follicular fluid and may further enlarge
follicular cysts
ovulated follicle transforms into a corpus luteum but does not involute and transform into a fibrotic corpus albicans
Corpus luteum cyst
AKA Stein-Leventhal syndrome
- Systemic metabolic endocrine disorder affecting premenopausal women
- Due to excess androgen levels
PCOS
Most common endocrine disorder of young to
middle-aged women
PCOS
- Unclear etiology, genetic/environmental factors play role
- One of the m/c infertility causes
PCOS
Symptoms include hirsutism, male pattern baldness, acne, metabolic syndrome, irregular menstruation
PCOS
Treatment:
Oral contraceptives, surgery, manage weight or diabetes
PCOS
- Complex group of benign and malignant lesions
- Benign tumours are more common than malignant
Ovarian neoplasms
- 2nd most common gynecologic cancer
- Ranked 1st for death caused by gynecologic cancer
Ovarian neoplasms
Etiology poorly understood: hormonal, genetic, environmental factors. The more time a woman ovulates, the higher the risk
Ovarian neoplasms
Surface epithelial tumor known as jelly belly
Mucinous Cystadenoma - benign
- often consist of several cysts lumped together within a common outer capsule
- cavity of these tumours is filled with clear fluid resembling serous fluid
Serous Cystadenoma - benign
- Germ cell tumour
- Often called dermoid cysts
Benign Teratoma
- wall of the tumour contains other tissues, most often teeth and cartilage
- skin appendages, such as sebaceous and sweat glands, secret sebum and sweat into the cavity
Benign Teratoma
Primary malignant tumour: Filled with clear fluid
Ovarian neoplams
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Primary malignant tumour: filled with mucus
Ovarian neoplasms
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Malignant primary tumors: tumour elements are arranged as finger-like processes
ovarian neoplasms
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma
accounts for 40% of all ovarian cancer and most common malignant tumors.
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma
- Metastasize from other malignancies
- Metastases involving the ovaries originate most often from carcinomas of the endometrium and breast
Malignant secondary tumors
- Severe nausea and uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy
- Results in dehydration, starvation and ketosis
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Treatment is with IV fluids, antiemetics, and
temporary suspension of oral intake
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
- distinguished from
morning sickness by weight loss
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Dehydration can cause dangerous shifts in the electrolyte levels in the blood, and the blood becomes
too acidic
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Persisting past 18 weeks uncommon, but can cause liver damage, encephalopathy, esophageal rupture
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
bleeding in the retina
of the eye (hemorrhagic retinitis) by increased BP from vomiting
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Occurs as a result of an abnormally functioning placenta or abnormal maternoplacental interaction
Toxemia
Two types: preeclampsia and eclampsia, the latter is
more severe
Toxemia
pregnancy-induced
hypertension and proteinuria
Preeclampsia
unexplained generalized seizures in patients with preeclampsia
Eclampsia
develop between 20 wk
gestation and the end of the 1st wk postpartum
Preeclampsia and eclampsia
Toxemia
The fetus develops outside the uterus
M/c in fallopian tubes
Ectopic pregnancy
Medical emergency – one of the primary causes of maternal
death in the world
Ectopic pregnancy
Incidence & risk factors
Increasing incidence, increasing maternal age, PID, cigs, endometriosis, STI, IUD
Ectopic pregnancy
Noninduced embryonic or fetal death or passage of products of conception before the 20th week of
pregnancy.
Miscarriage
