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Systemic Pathology > Class 3 - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Class 3 - Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening/loss of elasticity of arterial walls. “Hardening”

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2
Q

Monckebergs Arteriosclerosis

A

Middle layer of artery destruction and formation of calcium deposits. Age related (old).

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3
Q

Arteriolosclerosis

A

Thickening of walls of arterioles. Hypertension related.

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Thickening of arterial wall. Formation of plaque and narrowing of arterial lumen. Body sends macrophages to the area, which get stuck. M/c type

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis Complicated lesion

A

Atherosclerosis buildup eventually can cause surface defect which leads to thrombosis/embolism.

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6
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

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7
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

atherosclerosis of arteries supplying extremities/organs

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8
Q

Cerebrovascular disease

A

atherosclerosis of arteries that supply brain

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis Clinical manifestation

A

Asymptomatic, ischemia, infarct

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10
Q

Atherosclerosis etiology/risk factors

A

high cholesterol, high BP, obesity, genetics, smoking, age, diabetes

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11
Q

Atherosclerosis Diagnosis

A

Cholesterol check, angiogram, ECHO, stress test, US, MRI

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12
Q

Atherosclerosis Treatment

A

Modify/reduce risk factors, exercise, medications

Exercise good longterm

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13
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

narrowing of circulatory system outside brain/heart

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14
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease Incidence

A

Increases with age (>50), Men > women

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15
Q

PVD location

A

More common in LE

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16
Q

PVD etiology

A

M/c result of atherosclerosis

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17
Q

PVD Symptoms

A

Intermittent claudication (lack of blood), pain, cyanosis, fatigue, gangrene, cold extremities

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18
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation of blood vessel

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19
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation of artery

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20
Q

Infective arteritis

A

Inflammation of artery due to infection

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21
Q

Rheumatoid arteritis

A

Inflammation of artery associated w/ RF/RHD

22
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis (temporal arteritis)

A

Vasculitis involving multiple sites of temporal/cranial arteries

23
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis Incidence and Risk factors

A

M/c in US, Women > men, SLE and RA related

24
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis Etiology

A

Idiopathic, multifactorial, genetic, infectious, hormonal

25
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis Clinical Manifestation

A

Sudden onset, throbbing headache, visual disturbances (ophthalmic artery), polymyalgia, heart murmur, enlarged temporal artery, jaw/tongue claudication

26
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis

A

Based on symptoms, palpation, blood tests, biopsy

27
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment/Prognosis

A

Anti-inflammatories and corticosteroids. May lead to blindness if untreated

28
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

A

Vasculitis affecting peripheral blood vessels in distal extremities

29
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Etiology/Risk Factors

A

Idiopathic. Men who smoke > women

30
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Pathogenesis

A

Inflammatory lesions leads to thrombus formation and occlusion. Eventually obliterates small/medium vessels in feet/hands

(lack of blood flow to fingers and toes)

31
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Clinical Manifestation

A

Intermittent claudication, pain, edema, cold sensitivity, cyanosis

32
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Complications

A

Ulcerations, Gangrene

33
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Treatment/Prognosis

A

Cessation of smoking, increase circulation, medication, amputation

34
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Systemic inflammation and necrotic lesions in the arterial system. Damaging organs, mm, joints, skin - not lungs

35
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa Etiology

A

Idiopathic

36
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa Clinical Manifestation

A

aneurysms in affected arteries, subcutaneous nodules, rash, muscle/joint pain

37
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa Diagnosis

A

Blood test, imaging, biopsy

38
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa Treatment

A

Medication

39
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa Prognosis

A

Poor without treatment, good with treatment

40
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal stretching in wall of blood vessel over 50% greater than normal

41
Q

Aneurysm Classification

A

Based on location, pathology, type of vessel

42
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A

M/c site is abdominal > thoracic

43
Q

Thoracic Aneurysm

A

Involves ascending, transverse, or first part of descending aorta

44
Q

Abdominal Aneurysm

A

Aorta b/w renal arteries and iliac branches

45
Q

Mycotic Aneurysm

A

Caused by bacteria or fungal, salmonella or syphilis

46
Q

Atherosclerotic Aneurysm

A

Build up of fatty deposits inner walls of arteries

47
Q

Aneurysm Etiology/Risk factors

A

Age, congenital connective tissue weakness, genetics

48
Q

Aneurysm Pathogenesis

A

Plaque formation erodes vessel wall predisposing vessel to stretching and formation of a sac

49
Q

Aneurysm Diagnosis

A

CT (done with dye), palpation

50
Q

Aneurysm Clinical Manifestation

A

Variable, asymptomatic, pain, dyspnea, cough, hoarseness, edema, distended neck veins

51
Q

Aneurysm Treatment

A

Watch/wait, surgery, medication

52
Q

Aneurysm Prognosis

A

Poor

Systemic Pathology (9 decks)

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