Class 5 - Respiratory 1 Flashcards
Cystic fibrosis
Autosomal recessive exocrine gland disorder. Loss of pulmonary function and chronic bacterial airway infections
Exocrine glands
gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct or opening to a body surface.
Cystic fibrosis incidence
White europeans - 1 in 25 are carriers.
Cystic fibrosis etiology
Autosomal recessive disease - chromosome 7
Cystic fibrosis pathogenesis
Accumulation of salt causing thick mucus (Na+/Cl- channels impaired), elevation of sweat electrolytes, insufficient pancreatic enzyme
Cystic fibrosis clinical manifestation of pancreas
Thick mucus blocks the pancreatic duct causing lack of pancreatic enzymes. Impaired digestion and eventual fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis clinical manifestation of GI
Meconium ileus causing constipation, rectum prolapse, intestinal obstruction, failure to thrive (growing slowly)
Cystic fibrosis clinical manifestation pulmonary
chronic pulmonary infection, clubbing, hypoxia, barrel chest, cyanosis, pectus carinatum, kyphosis
Cystic fibrosis clinical manifestation GU, musculoskeletal, endocrine
Infertility, muscle pain, decreased bone density, Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
Cystic fibrosis diagnosis
Genetic testing, clinical presentation, sweat test, pancreatic enzyme test, pulmonary function test
Cystic fibrosis treatment
variable depending on symptoms, antibiotics, meds, chest pt, lung transplant, nutrition, supplements
Cystic fibrosis prognosis
Improving, median survival 37yrs
Bronchogenic Cyst
Formation of cyst behind manubrium, often asymptomatic. May have cough, pain, SOB
Extralobar Sequestration
Mass of lung tissue not connected to the bronchial tree, located outside visceral pleura. Supplied by abnormal artery. Congenital
Common cold
acute afebrile, self-limiting viral infection or URT. Aka infectious rhinitis
Common cold etiology
Rhinovirus (50%), Coronavirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, other
Common cold Clinical manifestation
scratchy throat, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sickness behavior, cough, fever
Influenza
Flu. Viral respiratory infection, mortality possible during epidemics among high risk patients
Influenza Etiology
Influenza virus, can be other viruses as well
Influenza Risk factors
children, elderly, chronic disease, pregnancy, other disorders
Influenza clinical manifestation
common cold, caryza (nose inflamed), conjunctivitis (pink eye), prostration (face down), in children - nauseous, vomiting, abdominal pain
Influenza medical management
diagnosed by clinical evaluation, treat with antivirals, prognosis good
Influenza complications
pneumonia, encephalitis, guillain-barre syndrome, renal disease
Influenza prevention
handwashing, vaccination
Sinusitis
Inflammation paranasal sinuses, classified as acute, subacute, recurrent, chronic
Sinusitis etiology
viral, bacteria, fungal infection, recurrent allergies
Sinusitis clinical manifestation
Variable, pressure, rhinorrhea (runny nose), nasal congestion, tenderness, toothache, headache, cough
Sinusitis diagnosis
history/clinical evaluation
Sinusitis treatment
drainage, antibiotics, surgery
Acute Bronchitis
Inflamed trachea and bronchi that is short duration. From chemical irritations or viral infections
Acute bronchitis clinical manifestation
URI, cold, fever, dry cough, sore throat, chest pain, laryngitis
Acute bronchitis treatment
- symptomatic, vaccination
Acute bronchitis prognosis
- usually good, complications like pneumonia
