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USMLE Step1 > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

name of first arch syndrome

A

treacher collins syndrome

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2
Q

which pouches in diGeorge syndrome

A

3rd and 4th pouches

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3
Q

male is a meso-

A

wolf

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4
Q

female is a para-

A

mulla

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5
Q

lady makes

A

testosterone

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6
Q

sertoli makes

A

MIF, inhibin, androgen binding protein

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7
Q

5a reductase converts

A

testosterone to DHT

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8
Q

hypo and epi spadiasis

A

hypo : urethral folds fail to fuse

epi: faulty positioning of genital tubercle

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9
Q

clomiphene citrate and risk of ovarian ca

A

increases

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10
Q

clomiphene MOA

A

antagonist of estrogen receptors in hypothalamus

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11
Q

tamoxifen vs. raloxifene

A

tamoxifen agonist at uterus (increase ca risk)

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12
Q

tamoxifen and raloxifene indications

A

tam for breast ca and ral for osteoporosis

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13
Q

finasteride MOA

A

5a reductase inhibitor

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14
Q

bhCG changes in pregnancy

A

double every 1.5 to 2 days (6-7 wk)

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15
Q

VACTERAL defect which derm

A

mesoderm

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16
Q

fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

cleft palate, heart defect

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17
Q

abruptio placenta which street drug

A

cocaine

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18
Q

SE of smoking on preg

A

IUGR

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19
Q

preg defect in DM

A

caudal regression syndrome

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20
Q

features of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

smooth philtrum, hypertelorism, heart lung fistula, holoprosencephaly

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21
Q

vitteline and allantoic duct

A

vitelline: yolk sac to intestine (aka omphalo-mesenteric)
allantoic: yolk sac to bladder (aka urachus)
food is vital

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22
Q

2nd arch issue

A

congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistula

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23
Q

cleft lip vs palate

A

lip: medial nasal process and maxillary
palate: lateral palatine process

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24
Q

remnant of mesonephric duct

A

gartner’s duct

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25
Q

mullerian agenesis is associated with

A

renal defect

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26
Q

external genitalia and prostate which hormone

A

DHT

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27
Q

uretral damage in pelvic # vs straddle

A

membranous (fracture) vs. penile

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28
Q

pudental block root

A

s2-s4

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29
Q

for treating infertility, menotropin (FSH) followed by

A

beta hCG (mimic LH surge)

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30
Q

menopause lab finding

A 
decreased estrogen (estrone nl)
Increased androgen, FSH, L, GnRH
31
Q

Balding and BPH which hormone

A

DHT

32
Q

Klinefilter syndrome is like ….

A

testicular failure (estrogen is high)

33
Q

Turner: can be pregnant with

A

oocyte donation

34
Q

maternal virilization

A

aromatase def

35
Q

complete mole due to

A

complete paternal origin

36
Q

hyperemesis and pre-eclampsia which mole

A

complete

37
Q

triad of pre-eclampsia

A

HTN proteinuria edema

38
Q

complication of HELLP

A

hepatic subcapsular hematoma

39
Q

painful bleeding

A

abruption (previa is painless)

40
Q

worse prognosis gynaec tumor

A

ovarian (then cervical)

41
Q

basic pathology of PCOS

A

insulin resistance leading to increased FSH and LH

And then increased androgen

42
Q

PCOS risk

A

endometrial ca

43
Q

Rx for PCOS

A

weight reduction and OCP

Clomiphene if want to conceive

44
Q

follicular cyst vs theca lutein cyst

A 
follicular (single most common)
theca lutein (B/L multiple)
45
Q

ovarian tumor: principles

A

ovulation not good
OCP, preg, lactation: good
clomiphene, nulliparity: bad

46
Q

dermoid cyst as

A

mature cystic teratoma

47
Q

brenner tumor looks like

A

bladder

48
Q

fibroma of ovary think about

A

meig syndrome and pulling sensation

49
Q

MC uterine malposition

A

retroversion

50
Q

MC stromal tumor and its risk

A

granulosa cell tumor

produces estrogen and risk of endometrial ca

51
Q

mucinous cystdeno ca can cause

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

52
Q

dysgerminona is the female equi of

A

seminoma

53
Q

in chorio ca, chorionic villi are

A

absent

54
Q

other name for yolk sac tumor

A

endodermal sinus tumor

55
Q

MC tumor in male infant

A

yolk sac tumor

56
Q

symptom of fibroid

A

abn bleeding

57
Q

endometritis Rx

A

gentamicin and clindamycin

58
Q

Obesity risk of tumor

A

endometrial (androgen to estorgen in fat)

59
Q

two tumors from breast stroma

A

fibroadenoma and phylloides tumor

60
Q

lactational mastitis cause and Rx

A

aureus, dicloxacillin

61
Q

gynecomastia causing drugs

A

ketoconazole, spironolcatone, cimetidine

62
Q

yolk sac tumor marker

A

increased AFP

63
Q

advantage of seminoma

A

excellent prognosis radio-sensitive

64
Q

painful scrotal tumor

A

embryonal ca (hemarrhagic mass with necrosis)

65
Q

seminoma marker

A

placental ALP

66
Q

MC testicular cancer in older patients

A

testicular lymphoma

67
Q

BPH vs tumor CC

A

BPH free PSA increased
tumor total increased but free decreased
Tumor prostatic acid phosphatase increased

68
Q

two types of drugs for BPH

A

a1 antagonist terazocin and tamsulosin

5a reductase inhibitor finasteride

69
Q

clomiphene MOA

A

block estrogen receptor in HT and break negative feedback

70
Q

mifepristone (RU-486) MOA

A

progesterone antagonist

71
Q

two beta agonist to prevent labor

A

terbutaline and ritodrine

72
Q

danazol MOA and indication

A

partial androgen agonist

endometriosis (causes hirsuitism)

73
Q

flutamide for prostate ca is given with

A

leuprolide

74
Q

minoxidil MOA

A

direct arteriololar vasodilator

USMLE Step1 (19 decks)

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