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USMLE Step1 > All subjects > Flashcards

All subjects Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

All subjects

Thiazide toxicity what increases?

A

HyperGLUC: glucose, lipid, uric acid, calcium

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2
Q

All subjects

Famiial hyper-cholesterolemia what is wrong

A

defective or absent LDL receptor

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3
Q

All subjects

Hypertrophic CM what is wrong

A

beta myosin heavy chain

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4
Q

All subjects

bHCG detection in serum (preg)

A

day 8 to 11 after ovulation

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5
Q

All subjects

pellagra

A

niacin def, dementia dermatitis, diarrhea

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6
Q

All subjects

PCA and superior cerebellar A aneurism: nerve involved

A

III nerve

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7
Q

All subjects

AICA aneurism: nerve involved

A

facial and vestibulo chochelar nerve

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8
Q

All subjects

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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9
Q

All subjects

Expired tetracycline side effect

A

Fanconi syndrome

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10
Q

All subjects

Gene involved in fragile X syndrome

A

FMR1

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11
Q

pantothenic acid

A

vitamin B5, becomes CoA, burning feet syndrome (paresthesia, GIT)

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12
Q

ribs and organ injury

A

spleen 9, 10 and 11; kidney 12

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13
Q

phenylketonuria

A

phenyl alanine hydroxylase or BH4 (musty odor, eczema mental retardation)

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14
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

NADPH oxidase (makes superoxide)

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15
Q

leukocye adhesion def

A

type1 (sialyl lewis) and type 2 (CD18 integrin)

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16
Q

alkaptonuria

A

homogentisate oxidase

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17
Q

albinism

A

tyrosinase (DOPA to melanin)

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18
Q

branchial cleft cyst

A

persistent cervical sinus, in the lateral neck

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19
Q

increased hat size

A

pagets disease of the bone

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20
Q

squatting releives cyanosis

A

tetralogy of fallot

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21
Q

MOA of potassium citrate in renal stones

A

bind to ionized calcium and facilitate secretion (citralca)

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22
Q

Lesion of damage in Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

mamillary body, Papez circuit, (B1, Thiamine)

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23
Q

SIADH

A

Both dilutional hyponatremia and euvolemic hyponatremia

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24
Q

painless hematuria 2-3 days following URTI

A

IgA nephropathy

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25
Q

which diuretic cause lithium toxicity

A

thiazide

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26
Q

vit E def mimics which disease

A

Frederick’s ataxia

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27
Q

3 main causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting, diuretics and mineralocorticoid excess

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28
Q

ring enhancing lesion

A

toxoplasmosis

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29
Q

fenoldopam is a (& use)

A

selective D1 agonist (the only drug used in HT emergency which increases renal BF)

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30
Q

Nikolsky sign

A

P. vulgaris

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31
Q

Cytochrome P450 enhancers

A

rifampicin, phenobarbital and phenytoin

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32
Q

P450 suppression

A

cimetidine, amiodarone, sulphonamides

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33
Q

SE of lamotrigine

A

SJS/TEN

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34
Q

violent behaviour: substance abuse

A

PCP (forgets about violent behaviour)

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35
Q

drugs for lyme disease

A

ceftriaxone, doxycycline

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36
Q

indication of pulsatile leuprolide

A

infertility (GnRH analog acts as agonist)

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37
Q

prevalence OR is calculated in

A

cross-sectional study

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38
Q

exposure OR is calculated in

A

case control study

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39
Q

HCM murmer increased with

A

valsalva

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40
Q

Anaemia in thalassemia

A

hypochromic microcytic anemia

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41
Q

Granulosa cell tumor secrete

A

estrogen

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42
Q

common drugs for invasive MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid

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43
Q

Toxicity and MOA of daptomycin

A

depolarization of cellular membrane

Myotoxicity

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44
Q

Red man syndrome

A

vancomycin

45
Q

Extra action of propyl thiouracil

A

Inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion

46
Q

mast cell stabilizers

A

cromolyn and Nedocromil

47
Q

gastroenteritits transmitted from pet animal

A

C. jejuni

48
Q

renal agiomyolipoma

A

tuberous sclerosis (ash leaf pattern on skin)

49
Q

mononuclear leukocytes in diarrhoea

A

S. typhi

50
Q

prophylactic anti-coagulant for elective hip surgery

A

heparin

51
Q

SE of colchicine

A

nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhoea

52
Q

Rx for vWF disease

A

desmopressin (DDAVP, anti-ADH/vasopressin)

53
Q

you can bend fingers in

A

OA

54
Q

you can dip sauce in

A

RA

55
Q

Rheumatoid factor

A

IgM antibody against Fc of IgG

56
Q

Do MEE

A

diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysial carliage (growth plate)
epiphysis

57
Q

Itching after bath

A

polycythemia vera

58
Q

calcium oxalate crystals in

A

Ethylene glycol poisoning

59
Q

Two common bugs in SS anemia

A

pneumococci and H. influenza

60
Q

MOA of entacapone/tolcapone

A

inhibit COMT and increased L-dopa availability

61
Q

class III antiarrythmic names and properties

A 
Amiodarone
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
AIDS (pottane block)
increase AP, ERP and QT
62
Q

Zidovudine is a (type and special indication)

A

NRTI

63
Q

absent B cells in peripheral blood

A

Bruton’s agamma globulinemia (BTK defect)

64
Q

Dobutamine MOA and indication

A

B1 > B2

cardiogenic shock

65
Q

special about Tay-Sachs

A

No HSM (GM2 ganglioside accumulation)

66
Q

thrombolytics names and MOA

A

streptokinases and “-plase”s

convert plasminogen to plasmin which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots

67
Q

antidote for thrombolytics

A

amino caproic acid

68
Q

seronegative arthritis names

A 
psoriatic
anklylosing spondylitis
IBD
reative
PAIR
69
Q

biliary disease with anti-mitochondrial antibody

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

70
Q

ECG triad in WPW syndrome

A

delta wave
short PR interval
wide QRS complex

71
Q

a/c hemolytic transfusion reaction which HS

A

HS II (ABO incompatibility)

72
Q

criggler najjar syndrome MM

A

absent UDP glucoronosyl transferase

73
Q

conjugated congential hyperbilirubinema

A

Dubin-johnsonte Rotor

74
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans

A

c/c rejection of lung transplants

75
Q

lithium toxicity

A 
LMNOP
movements(tremor)
nephrogenic DI
hypOthyroidism
pregnancy problems
76
Q

psammomma bodies in tumors which ones?

A

meningioma
papillary ca. of thyroid
serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma

77
Q

Rx for CMV retinitis in HIV

A

Ganciclovir

78
Q

common cause of a/c hemorhagic cystitis

A

adenovirus

79
Q

tendon commonly involved in rotator cuff syndrome

A

supraspinatus (empty can test)

80
Q

Drugs metabolized by acetylation

A

isoniazid, dapsone, hydralazine, procainamide

81
Q

Almost all causes of MS caused by

A

c/c rheumatic fever

82
Q

hydatid cyst

A

echinococcus granulosus/multilocularis

83
Q

c/c backpain releived by sitting and bending forward

A

spinal stenosis

84
Q

lipid lowering drugs that cause gall stones

A

bile acid resins and fibrates

85
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

mu receptor opioid for diarhoea (similar to meperidine)

86
Q

3 drugs that inhibit DHFR

A

trimethoprim, methotrexate, pyrimethamine (malaria and toxoplasmosis)

87
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus order of symptoms

A

1st gait and urine, then wacky

88
Q

DOC for PE/venous thrombosis

A

warfarin

89
Q

familial or essential tremor: clues and Rx

A 
family history (AD), while holding a glass, alcohol releives
Propranolol
90
Q

MENs PPP, PAT and NAT

A

parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary
Parathyroid, adrenal, thyroid
neuroma, adrenal, thyroid

91
Q

which anesthtic redistribute immediately

A

barbiturates (thiopental)

92
Q

Rx (and why) for AIP

A

heme and dextrose (inhibit ALA synthase)

93
Q

difference between strawberry and cherry

A

strawberry boy

cherry old

94
Q

which AA increased and which is safe in PDH def

A

alanine increased

Lysine and leucine (purely ketogenic) safe

95
Q

intra-partum penicillin/ampicillin given for

A

S. agalactae (bacitracin resistant)

96
Q

statin toxicity

A

hepatotoxicity and myopathy

97
Q

Glitazones MOA (and alternate name)

A

PPAR gamma (thizolidinedione)

98
Q

hereditary hemorhagic telengectasia aka

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

bleeding and telengectasia on skin and mucous membrane

99
Q

Ehler Danlos sydrome

A

Faulty collagen

100
Q

Rx for Giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole

101
Q

Caudal regression syndrome

A

Uncontrolled DM pregnancy

102
Q

Beck triad: what and seen in

A

Hypotension, raised JVP, muffled heart sounds

Seen in cardiac tamponade

103
Q

Bartonella henslae causes (3)

A

cat scratch disease
bacillary angiomatosis
culture negative endocarditis

104
Q

Apple tree atresia/christmas tree deformity

A

due to obstruction of SM artery

105
Q

behavioral change with ataxia

A

Huntingtons disease (crazy, went for hunting)

106
Q

spherule filled with endospores

A

cocciodes immitits

107
Q

Modafinil used for

A

narcolepsy

108
Q

Thoracocentesis and tube

A

Both mid axillary line 9 and 6

109
Q

Infundibular PS

A

Conus arteriosus underdeveloped

USMLE Step1 (19 decks)

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