Blood Flashcards
1
Q
Direct Xa inhibitors
A
Apixaban Rivaroxaban
2
Q
Direct thrombin inhibitors
A
Argatroban bivalirudin Dabigatran
3
Q
Methylmalonic acid and A
A
Increased in B12 def but normal in FA def
Homocysteine increased in both
4
Q
P C tarda enzyme def
A
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
5
Q
ITP antibody against
A
GpIIb/IIIa
6
Q
PT and PTT
A
PT extrinsic(warfarin) PTT intrinsic (heparin)
7
Q
Skin necrosis of warfarin
A
protein C/S def
8
Q
waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
A
follicular lymphoma
9
Q
M. myeloma cf
A
CRAB (hyperCalcemia, Renal, Anemia, Bone lytic lesions)
10
Q
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cf
A
blurred vision, raynaud phenomenon
11
Q
drug for CML
A
imatinib (inhibitor of tcr-abl tyrosine kinase)
12
Q
name c/c myeloproliferative disorders
A
polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis
13
Q
tear drop RBCs
A
myelofibrosis
14
Q
mech of heparin
A
activate anti-thrombin
15
Q
heparin antidote
A
protamine sulphate
16
Q
DOC for intermittent claudication and mech
A
Phospho diesterase III inh (cilostazol, dipyridamole)
17
Q
GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors
A
abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban (TEA)
18
Q
Two purine and two pyrimidine anti-metabolites
A
6MP and cladribine (purine)
cytarabine and 5FU (pyrimidine)
19
Q
Azathioprine is a prodrug
A
converted to 6MP by HGPRT
20
Q
Vincristine mech, indication, toxicity
A
bind to beta globulin -> inhibit polymerization of microtubules -> M phase arrest
NHL, neurotoxicity
21
Q
topoisomerase inhibitors for cancers
A
I (irinotecan and topotecan)
II (etoposide, teniposide)
22
Q
helmet cell (schistocyte) seen in
A
DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP, mechanical hemolysis
23
Q
Target cells seen in
A
HALT the target
HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia
24
Q
names of Hb in a thalassemia
A
Hb barts 4 alpha
HbH 3 allele disease
25
treatment for sideroblastic anemia
B6
26
what happens to haptoglobin and LDH levels in hemolytic anemia
haptoglobin decrease
| LDH increases
27
lead is a ferrocious ally
inhibit ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
28
PCT (porphyria cutaneoa tarda) think about
Uro
| uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
29
AIP (a/c intermittent porphyria) is a PORK
porphobilinogen deaminase
30
TdT which leukemia
ALL
31
TRAP which leukemia
HCL
32
ADP receptor inhibitors
PCT
prasugrel, Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine
ticagrelor (reversible)
33
cromolyn sodium MOA
inhibit mast cell degranulation
| asthma prophylaxis
34
direct Xa inhibitors
Xabans
35
LMWH greatest efficacy on
Xa
36
direct thrombin inhibitors
argatoban bivalirudin dabigatran
37
streptokinase and alteplase MOA
plasminogen to plasmin
38
Kla kla
clopidogrel, ticlopidine
inhibit ADP receptor
muttathu oru ADP
39
b b b
11b/111a( abciximab,eptifibatide,terofiban
40
big for small and small for big
Bernard soulier syndrome 3 words for Gp1b
41
acanthocyte/spur cell
liver disease and cholesterol problem
42
basophilic stippling
lead poisoning (rRNA)
43
bite cell (degmacyte)
G6PD (bite of fave beans, bite of heinz bodies)
44
sideroblasts iron in
mitochondria
45
schistocytes(helmet cells)
helmet- mechanical injury
| DIC
46
schistocyte other word for
helmet cells
47
target cell
HBC,asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia
48
Howell jolly bodies
are joly, not captured by spleen
| asplenia
49
opposite of sickling
Heinz bodies (oxidation of SH group)
50
name microcytic anemia
iron,sideroblastic, thalassemia, lead poisoning, ACD
51
third megaloblastic anemia
orotic aciduria
52
name alpha thalassemia
HbBarts and Hb H
| remeber Hb pencil/ hemo HB
53
Hb barts chains are
gamma
54
test for beta thal minor
increased HbA2 in electrophoresis
55
B19 aplastic crisis and crew cut
b major and SCA
56
test for beta thal major
increased HbF
57
peripheral neuropathy in lead poisoning
foot drop adn wrist drop
58
lead poisoning treatment
dimercaprol/EDTA
| succimer for kids
59
sideroblastic anemia define 2 features
ALA synthase, iron accumulation
60
treatment for sideroblastic anemia
B6
61
2 RBC finding in lead poisoning
```
basophilic stippling (RNA)
ringed sideroblast (iron in mitochondria)
```
62
most commom acquired sideroblastic anemia
alcoholism
63
fishworm causes (diphylobothrium latum)
B12 def
64
orotic aciduria vs ornithine transcarbomylase def
only anemia (no hyperammonemia)
65
treatment for orotic acidura
UMP
66
clinical chemistry findings in hemolytic anemia
decreased haptoglobin and increased LDH
67
what is special about ACD
iron low, TIBC low, ferritin high
68
antibiotic causing aplastic anemia
chloramphenicaol
69
most common heriditary cause of aplastic anemia
fanconis anemia
70
heriditary spherocytosis treatment
splenectomy
71
pyruvate kinase def
hemolytic anemia in newborn
72
glutamic acid to lysine
HbC
73
triad of PNH
coombs neg hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis
74
treatment of PNH
eculizimab (complement inhibitor)
75
diagnosis of PNH
lack of CD55/59 on RBC
76
autosplenectomy
SCA
77
two treatment for SCA
hydroxyurea
| gardos channel blocker (keep RBC hydrated)
78
treatment for AIHA
steroids (cold is miserable)
| mycoplasma and IMN
79
pregnancy/OCP effect on iron
TIBC increases (all else normal), increased transferrin
80
lead poisoning accumulated
protoporphyrin and ALA
81
AIP enzyme
porphobilinogen deaminase (porpho adn co porpho accumulate)
82
dont forget - in AIP
psychological disturbance
83
treatment for AIP
heme and glucose(inhibit synthase)
84
PC tarda
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
85
hemophilia and time
8,9 11 (only PTT increase)
86
hemophilila treatment
desmopressin (release of vWF and V111
87
ITP which antibody
11b/111a
| treatment - steroids and IVIG
88
TTP code
FATTRN
89
cause of TTP
decrease VWF metalloprotease (ADAMTS13)
90
increase fibrin split products
DIC
91
antithrombin def only defect
lack of increase in PTT after heparin
92
factor V leiden vs protein C/S def
thrombosis- skin necrosis after warfarin
93
cryoprecipitate given for
hemophilia A and fibrinogen deficiency
94
leukemoid reaction
Increase LAP
95
viral infecion assoiacted with hodgekins
EBV (bimodal distribution)
96
another name for Doxo
adriamycin (cardio)
97
vinblastine toxicity
myelosuppresion
98
dacarbazine toxicity
azoospermia
99
most common HL
nodular sclerosing (CD 15 and 30)
100
Burk-8 which gene
cMYC (transcription factors)
101
starry sky
burkitt lymphoma
102
most common NHL in adults
diffuse large B cell lymphoma(single large mass)
103
follicular lymphoma which chromosome
BCL 2
104
adult T cell lymphoma caused by
HTLV
105
mycosis fungoides what cells and risk
atypical CD4 with cerebriform nuclei
progress to sezary syndroome
lymphoma to leukemia
106
rouleux formation
MM
107
MM amyloidosis
Primary AL
108
CRAB findings
hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, bone lytic lesion/back pain
109
CRAB absent in
waldenstrom and MGUS
110
pseudo pelfer huet
bilobed neutrophils after chemo
111
MDS clinically and risk
CML, can progress to AML
112
ALL 2 types
T cell- mediastinal mass, SVC syndrome
| B cell- BM failure
113
Marker for ALL
tdt for both, CD 10 B cell only
114
ALL good prognosis
12:21
115
another name for CLL
SLL
116
TRAP the hairy animal, treatment
cadribine, pentostatin
117
AML M3 feature adn treatment
peroxidase +ve auer rods and all trans retinoic acid, C 15:17
118
AML vs CML
>20%blast,
119
imatinib
bcl-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
120
unusual feature of CML
basophilia
121
recurrent otitis media mass involving bone, lytic bone lesion skull
langerhans cell histiocytosis )+ve for s-100 and CD1a
122
name myeloproliferative disorders
polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, CML
123
Hot shower and erythromeralgia
polycythemia vera (all cells)
124
essential thrombocytosis
only platelets
125
RBC,WBC, platelets in CML
RBC decreased adn others increased
126
polycythemia classification
priamry- polycythemia vera (decreased EPO)
secondary- appropriate and inappropriate
reactive- blood loss
127
times, warfarin, heparin
warfarin- PT
| heparin- PTT and platelet count
128
HIT mechanism
IgG against heparin PF4
129
alternative to heparin
argatoban, bivalirudin, dabigatran
130
thrombolytics complication and antidote
bleeding, aminocaproic acid
131
COX-1 irreversible
aspirin
132
SE of aspirin
tinnitus
133
alternative to aspirin allergy
clopidogrel
134
phosphodiesterase 111 inhibitors and MOA
alostazol, dipyridamole
| Increase cAMP, vasodilatation
135
indication of dipyridimaole
intermittent claudication
136
cytarabine SE
pancytopenia
137
MTX 2 supplements
leucovorin for myelosuppression
| folic acid for mucositis
138
MTX CI
pregnancy
139
leucovorin is
THF
140
childhood tumors
actinomycin D
141
doxorubicin prevention and SE
dexrazoxane
142
cyclophosphamide and mustines are activated in
liver
143
alkylating agent that cross CNS
mustines
144
tumor lysis syndrome treatment
allopurinol
145
vincristine and blastine toxicity
cristine- neuro
| blastine- marrow
146
cisplatin MOA and SE
cross links DNA, nephro adn ototoxci
147
cisplatin SE prevention
amifostine and saline diuresis
148
SE of topoisomerase inhibitors
diarrhea
149
SCA drug
hydroxyurea (increase HbF)
150
Imatinib
Bcr-abl
151
erlotinib
EGFR tyrosine kinase
152
SERM
tamixifen,raloxifene
153
bortezomib
proteosome inhibitor (multiple M)
154
trastuzumab (herceptin) and SE
HER-2, C erbB2/cardiotoxin
155
vemurafenib
BRAF oncogene, melanoma
156
pure red cell aplasia causes
Thymoma, B19
157
tumor lysis syndrome k and Ca
K high, low Ca
158
LDH level in transudate
low
