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USMLE Step1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Direct Xa inhibitors

A

Apixaban Rivaroxaban

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2
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitors

A

Argatroban bivalirudin Dabigatran

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3
Q

Methylmalonic acid and A

A

Increased in B12 def but normal in FA def

Homocysteine increased in both

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4
Q

P C tarda enzyme def

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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5
Q

ITP antibody against

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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6
Q

PT and PTT

A 
PT extrinsic(warfarin) 
PTT intrinsic (heparin)
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7
Q

Skin necrosis of warfarin

A

protein C/S def

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8
Q

waxing and waning lymphadenopathy

A

follicular lymphoma

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9
Q

M. myeloma cf

A

CRAB (hyperCalcemia, Renal, Anemia, Bone lytic lesions)

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10
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cf

A

blurred vision, raynaud phenomenon

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11
Q

drug for CML

A

imatinib (inhibitor of tcr-abl tyrosine kinase)

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12
Q

name c/c myeloproliferative disorders

A

polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis

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13
Q

tear drop RBCs

A

myelofibrosis

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14
Q

mech of heparin

A

activate anti-thrombin

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15
Q

heparin antidote

A

protamine sulphate

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16
Q

DOC for intermittent claudication and mech

A

Phospho diesterase III inh (cilostazol, dipyridamole)

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17
Q

GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban (TEA)

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18
Q

Two purine and two pyrimidine anti-metabolites

A

6MP and cladribine (purine)

cytarabine and 5FU (pyrimidine)

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19
Q

Azathioprine is a prodrug

A

converted to 6MP by HGPRT

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20
Q

Vincristine mech, indication, toxicity

A

bind to beta globulin -> inhibit polymerization of microtubules -> M phase arrest
NHL, neurotoxicity

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21
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors for cancers

A

I (irinotecan and topotecan)

II (etoposide, teniposide)

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22
Q

helmet cell (schistocyte) seen in

A

DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP, mechanical hemolysis

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23
Q

Target cells seen in

A

HALT the target

HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia

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24
Q

names of Hb in a thalassemia

A

Hb barts 4 alpha

HbH 3 allele disease

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25
Q

treatment for sideroblastic anemia

A

B6

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26
Q

what happens to haptoglobin and LDH levels in hemolytic anemia

A

haptoglobin decrease

LDH increases

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27
Q

lead is a ferrocious ally

A

inhibit ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

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28
Q

PCT (porphyria cutaneoa tarda) think about

A

Uro

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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29
Q

AIP (a/c intermittent porphyria) is a PORK

A

porphobilinogen deaminase

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30
Q

TdT which leukemia

A

ALL

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31
Q

TRAP which leukemia

A

HCL

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32
Q

ADP receptor inhibitors

A

PCT
prasugrel, Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine
ticagrelor (reversible)

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33
Q

cromolyn sodium MOA

A

inhibit mast cell degranulation

asthma prophylaxis

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34
Q

direct Xa inhibitors

A

Xabans

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35
Q

LMWH greatest efficacy on

A

Xa

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36
Q

direct thrombin inhibitors

A

argatoban bivalirudin dabigatran

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37
Q

streptokinase and alteplase MOA

A

plasminogen to plasmin

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38
Q

Kla kla

A

clopidogrel, ticlopidine
inhibit ADP receptor
muttathu oru ADP

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39
Q

b b b

A

11b/111a( abciximab,eptifibatide,terofiban

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40
Q

big for small and small for big

A

Bernard soulier syndrome 3 words for Gp1b

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41
Q

acanthocyte/spur cell

A

liver disease and cholesterol problem

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42
Q

basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning (rRNA)

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43
Q

bite cell (degmacyte)

A

G6PD (bite of fave beans, bite of heinz bodies)

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44
Q

sideroblasts iron in

A

mitochondria

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45
Q

schistocytes(helmet cells)

A

helmet- mechanical injury

DIC

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46
Q

schistocyte other word for

A

helmet cells

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47
Q

target cell

A

HBC,asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia

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48
Q

Howell jolly bodies

A

are joly, not captured by spleen

asplenia

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49
Q

opposite of sickling

A

Heinz bodies (oxidation of SH group)

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50
Q

name microcytic anemia

A

iron,sideroblastic, thalassemia, lead poisoning, ACD

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51
Q

third megaloblastic anemia

A

orotic aciduria

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52
Q

name alpha thalassemia

A

HbBarts and Hb H

remeber Hb pencil/ hemo HB

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53
Q

Hb barts chains are

A

gamma

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54
Q

test for beta thal minor

A

increased HbA2 in electrophoresis

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55
Q

B19 aplastic crisis and crew cut

A

b major and SCA

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56
Q

test for beta thal major

A

increased HbF

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57
Q

peripheral neuropathy in lead poisoning

A

foot drop adn wrist drop

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58
Q

lead poisoning treatment

A

dimercaprol/EDTA

succimer for kids

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59
Q

sideroblastic anemia define 2 features

A

ALA synthase, iron accumulation

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60
Q

treatment for sideroblastic anemia

A

B6

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61
Q

2 RBC finding in lead poisoning

A 
basophilic stippling (RNA)
ringed sideroblast (iron in mitochondria)
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62
Q

most commom acquired sideroblastic anemia

A

alcoholism

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63
Q

fishworm causes (diphylobothrium latum)

A

B12 def

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64
Q

orotic aciduria vs ornithine transcarbomylase def

A

only anemia (no hyperammonemia)

65
Q

treatment for orotic acidura

A

UMP

66
Q

clinical chemistry findings in hemolytic anemia

A

decreased haptoglobin and increased LDH

67
Q

what is special about ACD

A

iron low, TIBC low, ferritin high

68
Q

antibiotic causing aplastic anemia

A

chloramphenicaol

69
Q

most common heriditary cause of aplastic anemia

A

fanconis anemia

70
Q

heriditary spherocytosis treatment

A

splenectomy

71
Q

pyruvate kinase def

A

hemolytic anemia in newborn

72
Q

glutamic acid to lysine

A

HbC

73
Q

triad of PNH

A

coombs neg hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis

74
Q

treatment of PNH

A

eculizimab (complement inhibitor)

75
Q

diagnosis of PNH

A

lack of CD55/59 on RBC

76
Q

autosplenectomy

A

SCA

77
Q

two treatment for SCA

A

hydroxyurea

gardos channel blocker (keep RBC hydrated)

78
Q

treatment for AIHA

A

steroids (cold is miserable)

mycoplasma and IMN

79
Q

pregnancy/OCP effect on iron

A

TIBC increases (all else normal), increased transferrin

80
Q

lead poisoning accumulated

A

protoporphyrin and ALA

81
Q

AIP enzyme

A

porphobilinogen deaminase (porpho adn co porpho accumulate)

82
Q

dont forget - in AIP

A

psychological disturbance

83
Q

treatment for AIP

A

heme and glucose(inhibit synthase)

84
Q

PC tarda

A

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

85
Q

hemophilia and time

A

8,9 11 (only PTT increase)

86
Q

hemophilila treatment

A

desmopressin (release of vWF and V111

87
Q

ITP which antibody

A

11b/111a

treatment - steroids and IVIG

88
Q

TTP code

A

FATTRN

89
Q

cause of TTP

A

decrease VWF metalloprotease (ADAMTS13)

90
Q

increase fibrin split products

A

DIC

91
Q

antithrombin def only defect

A

lack of increase in PTT after heparin

92
Q

factor V leiden vs protein C/S def

A

thrombosis- skin necrosis after warfarin

93
Q

cryoprecipitate given for

A

hemophilia A and fibrinogen deficiency

94
Q

leukemoid reaction

A

Increase LAP

95
Q

viral infecion assoiacted with hodgekins

A

EBV (bimodal distribution)

96
Q

another name for Doxo

A

adriamycin (cardio)

97
Q

vinblastine toxicity

A

myelosuppresion

98
Q

dacarbazine toxicity

A

azoospermia

99
Q

most common HL

A

nodular sclerosing (CD 15 and 30)

100
Q

Burk-8 which gene

A

cMYC (transcription factors)

101
Q

starry sky

A

burkitt lymphoma

102
Q

most common NHL in adults

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma(single large mass)

103
Q

follicular lymphoma which chromosome

A

BCL 2

104
Q

adult T cell lymphoma caused by

A

HTLV

105
Q

mycosis fungoides what cells and risk

A

atypical CD4 with cerebriform nuclei
progress to sezary syndroome
lymphoma to leukemia

106
Q

rouleux formation

A

MM

107
Q

MM amyloidosis

A

Primary AL

108
Q

CRAB findings

A

hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, bone lytic lesion/back pain

109
Q

CRAB absent in

A

waldenstrom and MGUS

110
Q

pseudo pelfer huet

A

bilobed neutrophils after chemo

111
Q

MDS clinically and risk

A

CML, can progress to AML

112
Q

ALL 2 types

A

T cell- mediastinal mass, SVC syndrome

B cell- BM failure

113
Q

Marker for ALL

A

tdt for both, CD 10 B cell only

114
Q

ALL good prognosis

A

12:21

115
Q

another name for CLL

A

SLL

116
Q

TRAP the hairy animal, treatment

A

cadribine, pentostatin

117
Q

AML M3 feature adn treatment

A

peroxidase +ve auer rods and all trans retinoic acid, C 15:17

118
Q

AML vs CML

A

> 20%blast,

119
Q

imatinib

A

bcl-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor

120
Q

unusual feature of CML

A

basophilia

121
Q

recurrent otitis media mass involving bone, lytic bone lesion skull

A

langerhans cell histiocytosis )+ve for s-100 and CD1a

122
Q

name myeloproliferative disorders

A

polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, CML

123
Q

Hot shower and erythromeralgia

A

polycythemia vera (all cells)

124
Q

essential thrombocytosis

A

only platelets

125
Q

RBC,WBC, platelets in CML

A

RBC decreased adn others increased

126
Q

polycythemia classification

A

priamry- polycythemia vera (decreased EPO)
secondary- appropriate and inappropriate
reactive- blood loss

127
Q

times, warfarin, heparin

A

warfarin- PT

heparin- PTT and platelet count

128
Q

HIT mechanism

A

IgG against heparin PF4

129
Q

alternative to heparin

A

argatoban, bivalirudin, dabigatran

130
Q

thrombolytics complication and antidote

A

bleeding, aminocaproic acid

131
Q

COX-1 irreversible

A

aspirin

132
Q

SE of aspirin

A

tinnitus

133
Q

alternative to aspirin allergy

A

clopidogrel

134
Q

phosphodiesterase 111 inhibitors and MOA

A

alostazol, dipyridamole

Increase cAMP, vasodilatation

135
Q

indication of dipyridimaole

A

intermittent claudication

136
Q

cytarabine SE

A

pancytopenia

137
Q

MTX 2 supplements

A

leucovorin for myelosuppression

folic acid for mucositis

138
Q

MTX CI

A

pregnancy

139
Q

leucovorin is

A

THF

140
Q

childhood tumors

A

actinomycin D

141
Q

doxorubicin prevention and SE

A

dexrazoxane

142
Q

cyclophosphamide and mustines are activated in

A

liver

143
Q

alkylating agent that cross CNS

A

mustines

144
Q

tumor lysis syndrome treatment

A

allopurinol

145
Q

vincristine and blastine toxicity

A

cristine- neuro

blastine- marrow

146
Q

cisplatin MOA and SE

A

cross links DNA, nephro adn ototoxci

147
Q

cisplatin SE prevention

A

amifostine and saline diuresis

148
Q

SE of topoisomerase inhibitors

A

diarrhea

149
Q

SCA drug

A

hydroxyurea (increase HbF)

150
Q

Imatinib

A

Bcr-abl

151
Q

erlotinib

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase

152
Q

SERM

A

tamixifen,raloxifene

153
Q

bortezomib

A

proteosome inhibitor (multiple M)

154
Q

trastuzumab (herceptin) and SE

A

HER-2, C erbB2/cardiotoxin

155
Q

vemurafenib

A

BRAF oncogene, melanoma

156
Q

pure red cell aplasia causes

A

Thymoma, B19

157
Q

tumor lysis syndrome k and Ca

A

K high, low Ca

158
Q

LDH level in transudate

A

low

USMLE Step1 (19 decks)

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