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USMLE Step1 > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hepato duodenal ligament

A

Hepatic A portal V CBD ( hepatic vein missing) pringle maneuver

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2
Q

Pancreatic cholera

A 
VIPoma 
Watery
Diarrhea 
Hypokalemia 
Achlorhydria
Syndrome
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3
Q

VIPoma from

A

Pancreatic islet

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4
Q

Jejunal ulcers

A

Gastrinoma (ZE syndrome)

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5
Q

Corkscrew esophagus

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

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6
Q

Plummer winson syndrome risk

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Which ulcer has ca risk

A

Gastric

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8
Q

Celiac disease

A

Gluten sensitive enteropathy

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9
Q

Whipple disease code

A

FOAMY WHIPPed cream in a CAN

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10
Q

Meckels diverticulum

A

Vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric duct)

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11
Q

Hirschprungs disease always involve

A

Rectum

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12
Q

Crohns dis mostly involve

A

Terminal ileum

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13
Q

Ulcerative colitis always involve

A

Rectum

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14
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

HNPCC

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15
Q

Lynch syndrome due to

A

Mutation of DNA mismatch repair gene

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16
Q

eg. of motilin receptor agonist

A

eryhtromycin

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17
Q

another name for papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosus

A

warthin tumor (have germinal centers)

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18
Q

malignant tumour of salivary gland

A

mucoepidermoid ca (pleomorphic is benign)

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19
Q

mallory weiss vs. boerhaave

A

m for mucosal

boerhaave is transmural

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20
Q

budd chiari syndrome which vein

A

hepatic

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21
Q

onion skin bile duct fibrosis

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis (ulcerative colitis, c-ANCA)

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22
Q

trousea syndrome

A

migratory thrombophlebitis seen in pancreatic adeno ca

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23
Q

indication of sulfasalazine

A

IBD

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24
Q

cardiac use of misoprostol

A

maintain PDA

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25
Q

duodenal atresia seen in

A

down syndrome

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26
Q

apple peel atresia is a

A

vascular accident

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27
Q

caecum in RUQ

A

midgut volvulus

SMA involved- ladds bands

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28
Q

most common TEF

A

distal

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29
Q

failure to pass NG tube but air in CXR

A

TEF

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30
Q

2 points for gastrohepatic ligament

A

contain gastric arteries

can be cut to access lesser sac

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31
Q

erosions are limited to

A

mucosa (eroad superficial)

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32
Q

kehr sign

A

left shoulder pain in splenic infarct

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33
Q

short gastric vein

A

no anastomatosis

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34
Q

trichrome stain for

A

kupffer cells

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35
Q

centrilobular necrosis- drugs

A

CCL4, halothane, rifampicin, bromo benzene

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36
Q

bladder and peritoneum

A

bladder is extraperitoneal

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37
Q

inguinal hernia repair which nerve damage

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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38
Q

gastrin increased in

A

chronic atrophic gastritis by pylori
ZE syndrome
chronic PPI use

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39
Q

newborn erythromycin for reflux

A

motilin agonist for peristalsis

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40
Q

VIPoma treatment and location

A

somatostatin and pancreas (non a non b)

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41
Q

pancreatic cholera

A

VIPoma, WDHA syndrome

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42
Q

4 tumors of pancreas

A

insulin, glucagon, VIP, gastrinoma, ZE syndrome

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43
Q

3 imp acid stimulators

A

Ach, gastrin, histamine

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44
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

benign, recurrence

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45
Q

Warthin tumor (PCL)

A

papillary cystaenoma lymphomatosis

benign, cystic,germinal center

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46
Q

malignant tumor of salivary gland

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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47
Q

achalasia which plexus and risk

A

myenteric (auerabch)

squamous cell ca

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48
Q

Boerheave is mallory

A

boer strong, mallory for mucosal

49
Q

eosinophilic esophagitis seen in

A

atopic patients

50
Q

punched out lesions

A

HSV

51
Q

esophagus pathology in CREST

A

fibrous displacement of muscularis layer

52
Q

Barret esophagus what epithelium

A

intestinal

53
Q

adenoca of esophagus

A

barret, GERD, fat, cigarette (both)

54
Q

menetrier disease

A

brain gyri in stomach

55
Q

signet cells are seen in

A

linitus plasticus

56
Q

hypertrophy of brunner gland

A

duodenal ulcer

57
Q

ZE syndrome which ulcer

A

Duodenal

58
Q

celiac disease antibodies

A

endomyseal, tissue transglutaminase, gliadin, gluten

59
Q

lactic intolerance vs celiac disease

A

normal vs blunting of villi

60
Q

celiac disease similar disease

A

tropical sprue

61
Q

oxalate and bile stones in crohns

A

bile acid more- bind to calcium- oxalate absorbed and form stones
cholesterol more- bile stones

62
Q

crypt abscess and ulcer

A

UC (ulcerative colitis)

63
Q

cobble stone

A

crohns disease

64
Q

priamry sclerosing cholangitis and IBD

A

UC

65
Q

treatment for UC

A

5 aminosalicylic acid (mesalamine)

66
Q

treatment for irritable BD

A

loperamide

67
Q

psoas sign (flexion of hip against resistance)

A

retrocecal appendix

68
Q

red diarrhea and IBD

A

UC (crohn is pain)

69
Q

meckel diverticulum which duct

A

vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric duct)

70
Q

pain after food

A

gal bladder, stomach, chronic mesenteric ischemia

71
Q

which plexus for hirschsprung

A

both (submucosa for diagnosis), failure of neural creast

72
Q

syndrome and give association with hirschsprung

A

down and RET

73
Q

abdominal pain out of proportion of physical finding

A

acute mesenteric ischaemia

74
Q

tortous dilation of blood vessels in intestine

A

angiodysplasia

75
Q

duodenal atresia associated with

A

down sundrome (double bubble)

76
Q

meconium ileus associated with

A

CF

77
Q

pneumatosis intestinalis in newborn

A

necrotising enterocolitis

78
Q

harmless polyps

A

hyperplastic and hamartomatous

79
Q

Classify polyp syndrome

A

1, FAP,gardner, turcot

2, peutz jeghers,juvenile polyposis

80
Q

gardener sydnrome

A

bone and teeth

81
Q

turcot sydnrome

A

brain

82
Q

peutz jeghers and juvenile polyposis

A

hamartamatous

83
Q

inheritance of lynch

A

AD

84
Q

iron def anemia which colon cancer

A

ascending colon

85
Q

most specific amrker of acute pancreatitis

A

lipase (amylase not so specific)

86
Q

cholestasis specific marker

A

gamma GTrans peptidase

87
Q

treatment for cirrhosis ascites

A

salt restriction, furosemide and sprinolactone

88
Q

ppting factors for hepatic encephalopathy

A

hypokalemia, alkalosis, hypovolemia (diuretic induced)

89
Q

non alcoholic fatty liver

A

metabolic syndrome

90
Q

lactulose MOA

A

reduce pH,NH3 becomes NH4

91
Q

monitor cirrhosis patients with

A

AFP

92
Q

3 things about cavernous hemangioma

A

congenital malformation, ectasia, no biopsy

93
Q

hepatic adenoma

A

OCP

94
Q

hepatic A, hepatic vein, portal vein

A

hepatic art- post transplantation
hepatic vein- budd chiari (centrilobular)
portal vein- portal HTN, ascites

95
Q

cirrhosis with PAS positive globules

A

a1 antitrypsin def

96
Q

baby with direct hyperbilirubinemia

A

neonatal hepatitis or extrahepatic biliary atresia

97
Q

treatment for type 2 criggler najar

A

phenobarbitone Iess severe

98
Q

wilson disease most imp

A

low ceruloplasmin

99
Q

wilson disease extra hepatic problems

A

hemolytic anemia

basal ganglia degeneration (parkinson)

100
Q

wilson disease treatment

A

penicillamine, trientine

101
Q

primary biliary cirrosis, which ab

A

anti mitochondrial

102
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

onion skin and beading

Hyper IgM, CANCA +

103
Q

opiod analgesics for pain

A

meperidine (not morphine)

104
Q

2 rare causes of cholecystitis

A

infections with CMV, ischaemia in hospitalized patients

105
Q

marker of pancreatic cancer

A

c19-9 (15-19-125)

106
Q

trousseau syndrome

A

migratory thrombophlebitis in pancreatic ca

107
Q

retroperitoneal hematoma in stable patient cause

A

pancreatic injury

108
Q

cimetidine 2 side effects

A

inhibit P450, anti androgenic

109
Q

PPI SE

A

c difficile, low Mg, pneumonia

110
Q

ulcer base drugs

A

bismuth and sucralfate

111
Q

treatment for carcinoid tumor

A

octreotide

112
Q

SE of all antacids

A

hypokalemia

113
Q

sulfasalazine indication and SE

A

IBD, reversible oligospermia,

antibacterial and anti inflammatory

114
Q

treatment for travellers diarrhea

A

ondansetron (side effect)

115
Q

orlistat MOA

A

lipase inhibitor

116
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum seen in

A

IBD

117
Q

toxic megacolon investigation

A

X ray plain (others CI)

118
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

promethazine

USMLE Step1 (19 decks)

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