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USMLE Step1 > Musculo skeletal > Flashcards

Musculo skeletal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

code for wrist bones

A

so long to pinky, here comes the thumb

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2
Q

hook of hamate nerve

A

ulnar

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3
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

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4
Q

superficial laceration of palm N

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

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5
Q

klumpke paralysis

A

claw hand

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6
Q

Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle: sensitive to

A

GTO to tension and spindle to length

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7
Q

which channel in sm and cardiac muscle for entry of extracellular ca++

A

voltage gated L-type

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8
Q

AHM is

A

myosin and dark

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9
Q

IZ (sarcomere) is

A

actin

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10
Q

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody associated with

A

RA

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11
Q

uricosuric drugs

A

probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

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12
Q

Ab specific for SLE

A

dsDNA and smith

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13
Q

anti-histone antibodies specific for

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine and procainamide)

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14
Q

gomori trichrome stain

A

mitochondrial myopathy (red ragged fiber disease)

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15
Q

myasthenia gravis HS type

A

II

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16
Q

Ach E inhibitors (edrophonium test)

A

improves M. gravis

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17
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome associated with

A

small cell lung cancer

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18
Q

desmacula made up of

A

keratin (desmosome/macula adherens)

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19
Q

celecoxib

A

selective COX-2 inhibitor

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20
Q

Montelukast inhibit

A

LTC4, D4, E4

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21
Q

PABA blocks

A

UVB

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22
Q

artery with radial N in the groove

A

deep brachial A

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23
Q

drugs for restless leg syndrome

A

dopamine agonists (ropinirole, pramipexole)

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24
Q

Hip extensors

A

G. maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of b. femoris

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25
Q

anterior drawer sign tests for

A

ACL

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26
Q

sensation of lateral forarm

A

musculo skeletal

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27
Q

guyon’s canal which nerve

A

ulnar

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28
Q

winged scapula which N and M

A

long thoracic and S. anterior

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29
Q

pope’s blessings

A

pop for proximal median nerve

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30
Q

foot drop

A

common peroneal nerve

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31
Q

surgical neck of humerus which A and N

A

axillary N and posterior circumflex A

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32
Q

type I muscles are

A

postural

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33
Q

marble bone disease

A

osteopetrosis

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34
Q

mutation in achondroplasia

A

FGFR1

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35
Q

brown tumor is aka

A

osteitis fibrosa cystica

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36
Q

soap bubble x ray

A

giant cell tumor

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37
Q

onion skin x ray

A

ewings

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38
Q

night pain bone tumor

A

osteoid osteoma

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39
Q

two interesting lab findings in sarcoidosis

A

hypercalcemia due to high vitamin D

increased ACE

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40
Q

anti-centromere antibody

A

CREST c for c

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41
Q

structural support via keratin (cellular connections)

A

desmosome

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42
Q

stuck on appearance

A

SK pottekad

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43
Q

keratin pearl seen in

A

squamous cell ca

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44
Q

S100 tumour marker

A

melanoma

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45
Q

pallisading nuclei which skin ca

A

basal

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46
Q

increased anterior gliding

A

ACL injury

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47
Q

Mc murray test popping on external rotation

A

medial meniscal tear

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48
Q

unhappy triad

A

MAM (MCL,ACL,medial meniscus)

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49
Q

most common rotator cuff injury and how to test

A

supraspinastus and empty can

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50
Q

pitching injury

A

infraspinatus

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51
Q

acutecarpal tunnel syndrome

A

dislocation of lunate

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52
Q

wrist bone and ulnar nerve injury

A

hook of hamate

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53
Q

guyan canal syndrome

A

ulnar nerve in cyclist

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54
Q

axillary nerve when injury

A

surgical neck, anterior dislocation

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55
Q

musculucutaneous nerve supplies

A

biceps and lateral forearm

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56
Q

confusion in radial N injury

A

decreased grip

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57
Q

supracondylar fracture of humerus

A

median N

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58
Q

distal median nerve lesion

A

sensation intact

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59
Q

distal injury of median adn ulnar

A

median- carpal tunnel, lunate
dislocation and laceration
ulnar- guyon canal, hamate

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60
Q

klumpke which trunk and imp muscle

A

lower, lumbricals (claw hand)

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61
Q

thoraxic outlet sydnrome same as

A

klumpke

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62
Q

sara’s long

A

wings

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63
Q

proximal lesions are seen when

A

making fist

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64
Q

for claw hand, think about

A

lumbricals only

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65
Q

obturator nerve supplies

A

adductor compartment (pelvic surgery)

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66
Q

femoral N

A

thigh flexion and by extension (pelvic fracture)

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67
Q

tibial N conditions

A

bakers cyst, tarsal tunnel syndrome

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68
Q

gluteal injections

A

upper medial- superior gluteal

lower medial- sciatic nerve

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69
Q

trendlenburg droop

A

damaged nerve is opposite side

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70
Q

inf gluteal nerve injury

A

posterior hip dislocation
difficulty to climb stairs
glutues maximus 9extension hip)

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71
Q

sciatica commonly involves

A

L5,S1

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72
Q

disc levels

A

L5,S1- achilles
L3,L4- knee
L4-L5- dorsiflexion

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73
Q

long thoraxic N go with

A

lateral thoraxic artery (L and L)

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74
Q

axillary nerve go with

A

posterior circumflex art

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75
Q

radial N go with

A

deep brachial art

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76
Q

cubitus fossa median N go with

A

brachial art

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77
Q

popliteal fossa tibial n go with

A

popliteal art

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78
Q

medial malleolustibial N with

A

posterior tibial art

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79
Q

GTO vs muscle spindle

A

tension vs length (reflexes)

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80
Q

L type Ca+channels present in

A

all 3 tissues

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81
Q

key event before SR calcium release

A

depolarisation of DHP receptor on t tubule

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82
Q

ryanodine receptor present in

A

reticulum sarcoplasmic (R for R)

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83
Q

HIZ

A

shrinkage, A always same length

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84
Q

thin filament has

A

tropomyosin and actin

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85
Q

when myosin detach from actin

A

when new ATP is bound- locked

on power stroke, release ADP and Po4

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86
Q

AHM is

A

dark, myosin (Z is darkest)

87
Q

in skeletal muscle, one t tubule has

A

2 terminal cistern (triad)

88
Q

1 slow red ox

A

postural muscle

89
Q

smooth muscle contraction

A

ca- calmodulin complex- myosin light chain kinase

cGMP- M.L.C phospahte

90
Q

endochondral calcification

A

cartilage - woven- lamellar

91
Q

woven bone seen in adults

A

pagets disease and fractures

92
Q

estrogen and bone

A

biased apoptosis

93
Q

osteoporosis which bone

A

trabucular, spongy, cancellous

94
Q

denosumab

A

RANKL

95
Q

priamry osteoporosis levels

A

ca,po4,PTH normal

96
Q

osteopetrosin which cell

A

osteoclast (needs acid)

97
Q

osteomalacia which bone

A

osteoid (blasts are involved)

98
Q

osteitis deformans (pagets) levels

A

all normal

99
Q

paget histology

A

mosaic of woven and lamellar

cement lines

100
Q

paget types and risk

A

LMS and osteogenic sarcome and heart failure (V sunt)

101
Q

avascualr necrosis of femoral head art

A

medial circumflex femoral

102
Q

legg carve perthe disease

A

think leg

femoral head necrosis in children

103
Q

night time pain

A

osteoid osteoma

104
Q

giant cell tumor aka and x ray

A

osteoclastoma, soap bubble, epiphysis benign tumor, aggressive

105
Q

osteochondroma

A

chondroid cap

106
Q

codeman triangle and sunburst

A

osteosarcoma

107
Q

onion skin and diaphysis

A

ewing sarcoma (11:22)

108
Q

pannus and fibrinoid necrosis seen in

A

RA

109
Q

specific test fro RA

A

anti-CCP 9Cyclic citrulinated)

110
Q

treatment for RA

A

methotrexate

111
Q

rhooma never

A

DIPs

112
Q

sjogren syndrome, antibody adn risk

A

anti Ro, LA, MALT

113
Q

excretion or production gout

A

excretion problem (alcohol competition)

114
Q

DOC for gout

A

allopurinol

115
Q

uricosuric drugs are given only

A

in excretion problem (not production)

stone risk

116
Q

pseudogout

A

calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid

117
Q

in acute attack of gout CI

A

probenacid and allopurinol

118
Q

bone secondaries

A

blastic (sclerotic)- prostate, hodgkins lymphomanand small cell (HSP)
Mixed GIT and breast

119
Q

sausage fingers adn pencil in cup

A

psoriatic arthritis

120
Q

additional findings in ankylosing spondylitis

A

uveitis and AR

121
Q

reiter syndrome triad

A

conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

chlamydia infection

122
Q

location of osteomyelitis

A

metaphysis

123
Q

blood picture in SLE

A

pancytopenia

124
Q

SLE kidney

A

nephritic- DPGN

nephrotic- MGN

125
Q

cause of death in SLE

A

heart

126
Q

anti dsDNA and anti smith

A

poor prognsis and snRNP

127
Q

3 drugs for SLE

A

hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazide

128
Q

clotting test in antiphospholipid

A

increased PTT (VDRL +)

129
Q

ACE levels and sarcoidosis

A

elevated

130
Q

treatment for sarcoidosis

A

steroids

131
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica adn CK

A

normal (muscle unaltered)

132
Q

association of mitochondrial myopathies

A

myoclonic epilepsy, optic neuropathy, lactic acidosis adn stroke

133
Q

sir jomi

A

poly and dermatomyositis
SRP,Jo and Mi
Jo= anti histydyl and RNA synthetase

134
Q

skin is peri foural

A

dermatomyositis, perimyseal, inflammation and CD4 cells

135
Q

skin in dermatomyositis

A

gottron papules, periorbital rash, shawl and face rash

136
Q

risk of dermatomyositis

A

occult malignacny

137
Q

proximal muscle weakness

A

lambert eaton synrome

138
Q

edrophonium and MG

A

improves

139
Q

digital pitting

A

scleroderma

140
Q

cause of death in scleroderma

A

pulmonary vessel involvement (CD4 cells)

141
Q

diffuse scleroderma antibody

A

Scl- 70 (DNA topoisomerase 1)

CREST_ anticentromere

142
Q

desmosomes are seen in

A

spinosum

143
Q

californians like

A

girls in string bikini

144
Q

tight AK gap

A

A for adherance and actin adn adherin

k for desmakula

145
Q

integrins bind to

A

CFL of absement membrane

collagen, fibronectin and laminin

146
Q

parakeratosis

A

nucleus in corneum- psoriasis

147
Q

acantholysis

A

P vulgaris

148
Q

acanthosis

A

increased spinosum- nigricans and psoriasis

granulosum low in psoriasis

149
Q

spongiosis-

A

eczema, edema

150
Q

albinism mechanism

A

melanocyte dont make melanin

decreased tyrosinase activity

151
Q

atopic dermatitis site

A

cheek, cubital fossa

152
Q

intradermal naevi

A

papular (no pigment)

153
Q

junctional neavi

A 
flat macules (pigment +)
compound papule+. pigment +
154
Q

munro abscess and psoriasis

A

psoriasis

155
Q

rhinophyma

A

bullous malformation of nose in rosaea (no comedones)

156
Q

leser trelat sign

A

lot of SK in malignancy

157
Q

Urushiol

A

hapten in poison ivy (linear streak)

158
Q

honey colored crusting

A

impetigo (both bacteria)

159
Q

erisipelas

A

s pyogenes

160
Q

abscess

A

aureus

161
Q

purple colored skin

A

necrotizing fascitis

162
Q

SSSS and TEN

A

TEN in junction (SSSS granulosum)

163
Q

Hairy leukoplakia virus

A

EBV

164
Q

antibody to desmoglein

A

vulgaris

165
Q

bullous pemphigoid

A

strong (nikolsky negative, tense blister)

166
Q

vulgaris- oral mucosa

A

involved

167
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis which antibody

A

IgA

168
Q

target lesion in skin

A

E multiforme

169
Q

more than 10%

A

TEN

170
Q

SJS vs multiforme

A

2 mucosal membranes involved in SJS

171
Q

A nigricans

A

HYPERINSULINEMIA AND malignancy

172
Q

AK is limited and risk

A

epidermis adn SCC (excessive sun)

173
Q

lichen planus histology

A

saw tooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at teh junction

174
Q

lichen planus is associated with

A

Hep C

175
Q

herald patch and x mas tree

A

p rosea (self resolving)

176
Q

sunburn B for

A

UVB

177
Q

BSC histology

A

paliseding nuclei (keratin pearl for SCC)

178
Q

keratacanthoma

A

SCC that regress

179
Q

skin cancer with chronic draining sinuses

A

SCC

180
Q

intracranial Hge skin cancer

A

melanoma

181
Q

melanoma gene

A

activating BRAF (vemurafenib)

182
Q

membrane phospholipids becomes arachdonic acid by

A

phospholipase A2 (steroids inhibit)

183
Q

Zileuton vs lukast

A

5 lipooxygenase inhibitor (synthesis zileuton)

leukotriene receptor antagonsit

184
Q

cyclic endoperoxidase same as

A

PGlandins

185
Q

PGI2

A

decrease vascular tone, decrease aggregation

186
Q

acetaminophen toxicity

A

hepatic necrosis (NAPQ1 deplets glutathione)

187
Q

N acetylcysteine function

A

regenerates glutathione

188
Q

SE of aspirin

A

tinnitus

189
Q

test for aspirin toxicity

A

ferric chloride test for phenol

190
Q

mechanism of aspirin poisoning

A

inhibit TCA cycle (1st tachypnea)

191
Q

celecoxib risk

A

decrease PGI2,ie aggregation

no effect on TXA2 and platelets

192
Q

why renal ischemia in NSAIDS

A

PG dilate afferent

193
Q

bisphosphonates are

A

pyrophosphates analog
bind to hydroxy apatite
inhibit osteoclast

194
Q

SE of bisphosphonate

A

corrosive esophagitis

osteonecrosis of jaw

195
Q

teri-para-tide

A

PTH analog, increase blast activity

196
Q

psoriasis and topical vitamin D

A

keratinocyte proliferation less

differentiation more

197
Q

febuxostat

A

XO inhibitor

198
Q

uricosuric drug

A

probenecid, sulfinpyrazone

199
Q

colchizine MOA similar to

A

vincristine/blastine

200
Q

salicylates are CI in

A

acute gout (reduces UA clearance)

201
Q

TNF a drug

A

etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab

202
Q

restless leg syndrome treatment

A

ropinirole (dopamine agonist)

go for a roll

203
Q

glans penis and skin on posterior calf drains to

A

deep inguinal

204
Q

PTH first stimulate

A

blast which RANK L and M CSF to stimulate clasts

205
Q

radial head subluxation damage

A

deep branch of radial nerve (no sensory defect)

206
Q

N going through P major

A

femoral N

207
Q

Kal madangi

A

anterior talo fibular ligament

which is a lateral ligament

208
Q

piriformis divide

A

greater scaitic foramen above superior gluteal N

below inferior and sciatic

209
Q

greater and lesser s foramen

A

sacrospinous ligament

210
Q

posterior cruciate ligament start

A

medial condyle of femur (MP)

211
Q

spasmodic torticollis is a type of

A

focal dystonia

212
Q

appendectomy N

A

iliohypogastric N

213
Q

interscalene N block risk

A

phrenic N

214
Q

dislocation of tibia

A

anterior and posterior

popliteal art

USMLE Step1 (19 decks)

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