Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 NSF > Reproduction and Endocrine > Flashcards

Reproduction and Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

The formation of gametes in the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are oogonia developed?

A

In foetal development, primordial cells migrate from yolk sax to ovaries where they differentiate into oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do some oogonia develop into?

A

Primary oocytes and enter prophase of meiosis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens at puberty?

A

Several primordial follicles stimulated each month, follicles develop to tertiary follicle, and oocytes to secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many chromosomes does a secondary oocyte have?

A

Haploid (half)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs at ovulation?

A

tertiary follicle ruptures to expel secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does the second meiotic occur?

A

After fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the follicle after it ruptures?

A

It becomes a corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to a corpus luteum if secondary oocyte not fertilised?

A

After 14 days undergoes luteolysis, stops secreting progesterone and becomes corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the anterior and posterior developed?

A

Anterior- made from endocrine cells from rathkes pouch which wraps around the posterior
Posterior- Extension of hypothalamus into anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What controls the release of anterior pituitary hormones?

A

Neurohormones from hypothalamus via a portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of hormones does hypothalamus release which causes anterior to produce what hormones?

A

Hypothalamus- releasing hormone

Anterior- trophic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 6 hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A 
FLAT PiG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is multi-loop feedback in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

A

There is a short loop and long loop, which tropic inhibits releasing as well as hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure between anterior and posterior pituitary called?

A

Intermediate lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

The hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does GnRH cause the release of?

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does FSH do?

A

stimulates growth and recruitment of mature follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the functions of LH?

A

Produces precursors for oestrogen production
Maintains corpus luteum
Stimulates- maturation, ovulation, luteinisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do developing follicles and corpus luteum produce after stimulation from FSH and LH?

A

Follicles- Inhibin/oestrogen

CL- Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are developing follicles and corpus luteums transient endocrine glands?

A

They come and go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does progesterone inhibit?

A

LH and GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does oestrogen start by inhibiting?

A

LH and GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does inhibin inhibit?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why does oestrogen change to positive feedback?
The sensitivity of brain changes in the late follicular phase
26
What is a dominant follicle?
A tertiary follicle that produces lots of oestrogen preventing other follicles maturing
27
What happens after the follicular phase?
Oestrogen causes GnRH which causes LH to produce (FSH inhibited by inhibin) increasing oestrogen and so on until ovulation
28
What causes ovulation?
An LH surge from positive feedback
29
What follows the follicular phase?
Luteal phase
30
What is oestrus?
Sexually receptive to the male
31
What is day 0?
Oestrus
32
What are the differences between menstrual and oestrus cycle?
``` Menstral in primates, oestrus in non-primates No menstural bleeding in oestrus Oestrus shorter Day 0 is high oestrogen in oestrus Day 0 bleeding in menstral ```
33
How long is the menstral cycle?
4 weeks
34
How long is the oestrus cycle?
2.5-3 weeks
35
Why can the oestrus cycle be shorter?
Follicles develop throughout luteal phase
36
What is mono/polyoestrus?
Mono- only one oestrus | Poly- lots of oestrus
37
What animals are polyestrus?
Cow, queen, pig, rodents
38
What animals are seasonal polyestrus?
Mares
39
What animals are seasonal polyestrus?
(Short day)-breed in autumn | Sheep, deer, elk, Goats
40
What animals are monoestrus?
Dogs, Wolf, fox, bear
41
Why are dogs not really monoestrus?
Selective breeding
42
What causes the pineal gland to produce melatonin?
Different light/dark cycles
43
What does melatonin effect?
GnRH release
44
What does low melatonin cause in horse and sheep?
Horses- increased GnRH | Sheep- Decreased GnRH
45
What causes low melatonin?
Long days
46
What causes high melatonin?
Long nights
47
What is the difference between spontaneous and reflex ovulators?
Reflex is caused by stimulation, spontaneous on a cycle
48
What causes a reflex ovulator to ovulate?
Stretch inputs from vagina and sensory inputs increase GnRH to produce ovulation
49
Why do reflex ovulators not ovulate normally?
GnRH surge centre not sensitive to high oestrogen, needs extra stimulation
50
What animals are reflex ovulators?
Cats, ferrets, rabbits, camels
51
Why do some reflex ovulators need to mate or be spayed?
Oestrogen suppresses bone marrow (ferrets)
52
How long is a mares cycle?
21 days +-4 days
53
When is oestrus in a mare?
5 days +-2 days
54
When do mares ovulate?
28-48 hours before end of oestrus
55
How long is a sheeps oestrus period?
17 days
56
How long is an sheeps oestrus?
30 hours
57
How long is a sheeps gestation period?
5 months
58
When does a sheep ovulate?
20-25 hours from start of oestrus
59
How long is a horses gestation period?
11 months
60
How long is a cows oestrus period?
21 days
61
How long does oestrus last?
18 hours
62
When is a cows ovulation?
20-30 hours from start of oestrus
63
What can stop ovulation?
Progesterone
64
What is an ovarian countercurrent?
Where things cross from venous supply of uterus to arterial supply of ovaries
65
How can CL be prolonged?
remove uterus
66
What does prostaglandin cause of Corpus luteum in horses, cows, pigs and sheep?
Causes regression of CL therefore shortening cycle
67
What are the 4 stages to a bitchez oestrus period?
Prooestrus, Oestrus, Metero/dioestrus, an oestrus
68
What happens during prooestrus?
9 days, bloody discharge does not mate, high oestrogen
69
What happens during a bitchez oestrus?
9 days, accepts male
70
What happens during metero/dioestrus?
Progesterone dominant phase as if pregnant for 60-70 days
71
What happens during anoestrus?
Ovarian inactivity
72
Why can a bitch have puppies with different males?
Oestrus over several days
73
When is a bitchez day 0
Peak LH

Year 1 NSF (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions