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Year 1 NSF > Hindlimb and Integument > Flashcards

Hindlimb and Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the hindlimb?

A

Gluteal, Thigh- hip/stilfe, Politeal, Crus- stilfe/tarsus, Pes- metatarsal and digits

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2
Q

What are the bones that make up the hindlimb?

A

Sacrum, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, digits

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3
Q

What is ventral refered to as in the hind limb?

A

Plantar

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4
Q

What 4 bones make up the pelvis?

A

Ishium, acetabulum, ilium, pubis

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5
Q

What is the large hole in the pelvis called?

A

Obturator foramen

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6
Q

What is the sacro-iliac joint?

A

Where the pelvis and vertebrae are fused in a dog 3 sacral vertebrae

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7
Q

What do all bones of the pelvis lack?

A

Medullary cavity

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8
Q

Where are the primary centres of ossification the pelvis?

A

Ilium, ishium, pubis and acetabular

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9
Q

Where are the secondary centres of ossification in the pelvis?

A

Dorsal iliac crest, tuber ischium, ishiatic arch

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10
Q

Where are the centres of ossification in the femur?

A

Head, greater trochanter, body, distal epiphysis

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11
Q

What nerve passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator nerve

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12
Q

What ligament fills the acetabular notch?

A

Transverse ligament

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13
Q

Where does the patella sit?

A

In the trochlear groove

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14
Q

Where doe the fabellae sit?

A

Popliteal fossa

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15
Q

What are the nerves for the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L5, L6, L7, S1, S2

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16
Q

What do ventral branches of the spinal nerves supply?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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17
Q

What 4 peripheral nerves emerge from the spinal nerves?

A

Gluteals, Obturator, Femoral, Sciatic

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18
Q

What can be palpated in a dogs pelvis?

A

Dorsal iliac crest, tuber sacrale, tuber coxae, tuber ishium

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19
Q

Name the abductors of the hindlimb?

A

Gluteal muscles- superficial, middle, deep

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20
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the gluteal muscles?

A

O- sacrum and gluteal surface

I- Greater trochanter

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteal nerve

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22
Q

What are the adductors of the hindlimb?

A

GAPE, Gracilis, adductor, pectineus, external obturator

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23
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the the gracilis?

A

O- ventral surface of pelvis

I- tibia and calcaneus (common calcanean tendon)

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24
Q

What nerve innervates all the hindlimb adductors?

A

Obturator nerve

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor?

A

O- ventral surface of pelvis

I- medial limb

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pectineus?

A

O- ventral pelvis

I- femur

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27
Q

Name all the limb protractors/ hip flexors

A

Tensor fascia latte, iliopsoas, sartorious, rectus femoris

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28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the tensor fascia latae?

A

O- ilium

I- fascia latae

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29
Q

What nerve innervates the tensor fascia latae?

A

Gluteal nerve

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30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

O-lumbar vertebrae and ilium

I- lesser trochanter

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31
Q

What innervates the iliopsoas?

A

Femoral nerve

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?

A

O- ilium

I- femur, tibial tuberosity (via patella ligament)

33
Q

What limp protractor has 4 heads?

A

Rectus femoris

34
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the rectus femoris?

A

O- Ilium

I- tibial tuberosity

35
Q

What innervates the rectus femoris?

A

The femoral nerve

36
Q

What muscle retracts the limb?

A

Bicep femoris

37
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the biceps femoris?

A

O- tuber ishium

I-fascia latae, calcaneus

38
Q

What are the components of the stifle?

A

Fermur, tibia, fibula and patella

39
Q

What components of the stifle articulate?

A

Femur and tibia, femur and patella, femoral and tibial condyles

40
Q

What are the meniscus in the stifle?

A

Lateral and medial wedge, c-shaped cartilage

41
Q

Where does the meniscus of the stifle attach?

A

tibial condyles

42
Q

How are the meniscus held in place, sta/bilised and held on to femur

A

Held- menisco-tibial ligament
Stabilised- transverse
Femur- femoral ligamamenr

43
Q

Where do the two collateral ligaments of the stifle attach?

A

medial epicondyle- tibia

Lateral epicondyle - fibula and tibia

44
Q

Where does the caudal cruciate ligament attach?

A

intercodylar eminence to intercondylar fossa

45
Q

Where does the cranial cruciate ligament attach?

A

intercoylar eminence to medial lateral condyle

46
Q

What supports the patella?

A

Medial and lateral trochlear ridges and lateral and medial femoro-patella ligaments

47
Q

What happens to the patella during extension and flexion?

A

Extension- move proximal

Flexion- moves distally

48
Q

What bones comprise the tarsus?

A

Tarsal bones in three rows

49
Q

What bones make up the proximal, middle and distal row of the tarsus?

A

Proximal- talus and calcaneus
Middle- central and IV
Distal I,II,III,IV

50
Q

What two species have all bones present in the tarsus?

A

Dogs and pigs

51
Q

What is the location of the calcaneus and talus in the tarsus?

A

Calcaneus- lateral and plantar

Talus- medial and dorsal

52
Q

What is the medial projection of the calcaneus called and what passes over it?

A

Sustenaculum

Deep digital flexor tendon

53
Q

How many centres of ossification do all the bones of the tarsus have?

A

All have single except calcaneus

54
Q

What are the 4 inter tarsal joints?

A

tarso-crural, proximal intertarsal joint, distal intertarsal joint, tarso-metatarsal joint

55
Q

What bones articulate at the torso-crural joint?

A

Talus with tibia and fibula

56
Q

What bones articulate at proximal intertarsal joint?

A

talus and calcaneus with the central and IV

57
Q

What bones articulate in the distal intertarsal joint?

A

Central with I,II,III

58
Q

What bones articulate in the tarso-metatarsal joint?

A

Distal row and metatarsal bones

59
Q

Where does the tarsus joint capsule extend?

A

Proximally between tibia and fibula

Distally between metatarsal bones

60
Q

What collateral ligaments support the tarsus?

A

Long lateral, long medial, short

61
Q

Where do the long lateral/medial and short collateral ligaments run?

A

Lateral- fibula to 5th MT
Medial- tibia to 2nd MT
Short- bone to bone

62
Q

What other non collateral ligament supports tarsus?

A

Plantar ligament- calcaneus to metatarsal

63
Q

Which tarsus joint has the most movement?

A

Tarso-crural

64
Q

Name all the stifle extensors

A

Sartorius, Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

65
Q

Name all stifle flexors

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastronemius

66
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the quadriceps?

A 
rectus femoris O- ilium
Vastus lateralis O- lateral femur
Vastus medialis O- medial femur
Vastus intermedius O-cranial femur
I- all tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
67
Q

What nerve innervates the quadriceps?

A

Femoral nerve

68
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the sartorius?

A

O- crest of ilium/ ventral Iliac spine

I- patella/tibial tuberosity

69
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris?

A

O-ishium

I- fascia latae/ calcaneus

70
Q

What is the Innervation of the sartorius?

A

femoral nerve

71
Q

What innervates the biceps femoris?

A

Sciatic nerve

72
Q

What are the origin and insertion os the semitendinosis?

A

O- ishium

I- tibia/calcaneus

73
Q

What innervates the semitendionsus?

A

Sciatic nerve

74
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

O-ishium

I-femur/tibia

75
Q

What innervates the semimembranosus?

A

Sciatic nerve

76
Q

What is the Gastrocnemius origin and insertion?

A

O- caudal femur

I- calcaneus

77
Q

What innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

Year 1 NSF (11 decks)

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