Reproduction

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

Specialised sex cell formed

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Long molecule found in the nucleus of cells made from DNA

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

Different forms of the same gene

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Part of a chromosome that codes for a protein

Question 5

Dominant allele

Answer 5

Allele that only needs one copy to be expressed - is always expressed

Question 6

Recessive allele

Answer 6

Allele that needs two copies present to be expressed

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

When an individual carries two copies of the same allele for a trait

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

When an individual carries two different alleles for a trait

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Combination of alleles an individual has

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Physical expression of the genotype - the characteristics shown

Question 11

How many parents is needed for sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Two parents

Question 12

How many parents is needed for asexual reproduction

Answer 12

One parent

Question 13

How does cell division occur for sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

How does cell division occur for asexual reproduction

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

Describe the offspring produced by sexual reproduction

Answer 15

Produces non identical offspring that are genetically different to parents

Question 16

Describe offspring produced from asexual reproduction

Answer 16

Genetically identical to parents

Question 17

What is the formulation of sexual production

Answer 17

Fusion of male and female gametes

Sperm and egg in animals

Pollen and ovule in plants

Question 18

Is there a fusion of gametes for asexual reproduction

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Does sexual reproduction result in a wide genetic variation

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Does asexual reproduction result in a wide genetic variation and why

Answer 20

No there is no mixing of genetic material

Question 21

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 21

Produces variation

If environment changes they may have survival advantage by natural selection due to genetic variation

Question 22

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 22

Finding a mate and reproducing takes time and requires a lot of energy

Slower process

Question 23

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 23

One parent needed

Time and energy efficient

Faster

Many identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable

Successful traits are passed on

Question 24

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 24

Reduced genetic variation which may lead to survival disadvantage

Harmful mutations in parent will be passed on

Question 25

How do malaria parasites reproduce by both methods

Answer 25

Reproduce asexually in human hosts but sexually in mosquitoes

Question 26

What does meiosis do to the number of chromosomes

Answer 26

Halves them

Question 27

What is meiosis

Answer 27

Cell division that produces four daughter cells gametes each with a single set of chromosomes

Question 28

What is the genetic material in cells called

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

What is the genome

Answer 29

Entire genetic material of that organism

Question 30

What has studying the genome help scientist to discover

Answer 30

Search for genes linked to different diseases Understand and treat inherited disorders Trace human migration pattern from the past

Question 31

What is DNA

Answer 31

A polymer made from four different nucleotides

Question 32

What are the components of a nucleotide

Answer 32

Phosphate Sugar Base

Question 33

Name the 4 bases of a nucleotide and what each of the bases match to

Answer 33

A, C, G, T C with G A with T

Question 34

What are proteins synthesised on

Answer 34

Ribosomes using a template of DNA

Question 35

Explain what carrier molecules do in protein synthesis

Answer 35

Carrier molecules bring amino acids to add the protein chain in the correct order

Question 36

What happens when a protein is complete

Answer 36

It folds up to form a specific shape and this shape allows proteins to do a specific job like enzymes or hormones

Question 37

What is the function of non coding DNA

Answer 37

Switch genes on and off to control their expression

Question 38

What do mutations do

Answer 38

Change base code to DNA

Question 39

What do mutations do to coding DNA

Answer 39

May alter the activity of a protein Shape could be changed so protein and substrate no longer bind

Question 40

Give two examples of inherited disorders

Answer 40

Polydactyl Cystic fibrosis

Question 41

What is polydactyl and what is it caused by

Answer 41

Extra finger or toes Caused by a dominant allele

Question 42

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 42

A disorder of cell membranes Caused by a recessive allele

Question 43

What may alleviate the suffering from these inherited diseases

Answer 43

Embryo screening Gene therapy

Question 44

What can a punnet square determine

Answer 44

Predict the outcome of a genetic cross for both the genotypes and phenotypes the offspring may have