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Biology > Hormonal coordination > Flashcards

Hormonal coordination Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

System of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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2
Q

What do the effects of the endocrine system compare to those of the nervous system

A

Endocrine system effects are slower but act for longer

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3
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

In the brain

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4
Q

Which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration

A

Pancreas

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5
Q

Which hormones interact to regulate blood glucose level

A

Insulin and glucagon

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6
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas produces insufficient insulin

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7
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes

A

Body cells no longer respond to insulin

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8
Q

What is the function of the kidneys

A

Filter and reabsorb useful substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete excess water, ions and urea

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9
Q

How are excess amino acids excreted from the body

A

Deaminated to form ammonia in the liver, ammonia is converted to urea and excreted

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10
Q

What hormone controls water levels in the body

A

ADH

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11
Q

How is kidney failure treated

A

Organ transplant or kidney dialysis

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12
Q

What is the function of FSH

A

Causes eggs to mature in the ovary stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

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13
Q

What is the function of LH

A

Stimulates the release of an egg

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14
Q

What is the function of oestrogen

A

Causes lining of uterus wall to thicken

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15
Q

What are methods of hormonal contraception

A

Oral contraceptives
Injection
Implant
Skin patch

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16
Q

State the disadvantages of IVF treatment

A

Emotionally and physically stressful

Low success rate

Expensive

Can lead to risky births

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17
Q

What is the function of adrenaline in the body

A

Increases heart rate and boosts oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles to prepare body for ‘fight or flight’

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18
Q

What is the function of thyroxine in the body

A

Stimulates basal metabolic rate so it is important for growth and development

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19
Q

What is geotropism

A

Orientation and growth of plants in response to gravity

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20
Q

What is phototropism

A

Orientation and growth of plant in response to light

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21
Q

What are the uses of gibberellins in agriculture

A

End seed dormancy
Promote flowering
Increase fruit size

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22
Q

Describe the function of the pituitary gland

A

Master gland
Secretes several hormones into the blood

23
Q

Name all 6 glands in the body

A

Thyroid
Pituitary
Adrenal
Ovary
Testis
Pancreas

24
Q

What happens if blood glucose levels get too low

A

The pancreas releases glucagon

Glycogen converted into glucose and released into the blood

Amino acids/fats are broken down

Blood glucose rises so normal levels of blood glucose is restored

25
What happens if blood glucose is too high
Insulin is released Glucose moves from the blood into cells Excess glucose converted into glycogen in the liver and muscle cells for storage
26
What is the reason for type 1 diabetes
Genetic inheritance
27
What causes type 2 diabetes
Obesity
28
How is type 1 diabetes treated
Insulin injections Diet control Exercise
29
How is type 2 diabetes treated
Carbohydrate controlled diet Exercise
30
How is water, ions, urea is lost from the body which cannot be controlled
Water losses during exhalation Water, ions, urea lost by sweat Excess water, ions, urea removed by kidneys in urine
31
Function of kidney tubules
Absorb water controlled by ADH
32
What happens if water concentration in the body is too low
Pituitary gland releases more ADH Kidney tubules reabsorbs more water Little urine is produced Blood restored to normal with normal concentration
33
What happens if water concentration is too high
Pituitary gland releases less ADH Kidney tubules reabsorb less water Lots of urine produced Blood restored to normal with normal water concentration
34
What is the process of kidney dialysis
Blood temporarily removed from patients body Filtered through dialysis machine Patients blood passes over dialysis fluid Dialysis fluid has no urea Urea and waste products diffuse from high concentration in patients blood to a low concentration in dialysis fluid Patients blood then returned to their body
35
When is adrenaline produced
In times of fear or stress
36
Do adrenaline levels involve negative feedback
No Adrenal glands stop producing adrenaline when it is not needed
37
What levels are controlled by negative feedback
Blood levels Water levels Glucose levels Thyroxine levels
38
What is the main female reproductive hormone
Oestrogen
39
Function of progesterone
Maintains thick uterus lining Inhibits release of FSH and LH
40
What do oral contraceptives contain
Hormones to inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature
41
What does the injection, impact or skin patch release
Slow release of progesterone to inhibit maturation and release of eggs which can last for years
42
Describe the process of IVF
Mother given FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs Eggs collected from the mother and fertilised by sperm from the father in a laboratory Fertilised eggs develop into embryos One or two embryos are inserted into the uterus
43
Function of auxins
Plant growth regulator - unequal distributions of auxin cause unequal growth rates in plant roots and shoots
44
Agricultural uses of auxins
Weed killer Rooting powder Promoting growth in tissue cultures
45
Function of ethene
Acts as a hormone to control cell division
46
Agricultural uses of ethene
Controls ripening of fruit during storage and transport
47
Function of gibberellins
Regulates developmental processes including initiating seeds germination
48
Explain the first few steps in germination
Cress seeds on damp cotton wool on Petri dish Place in different intensities of lights to compare Some in dark cardboard boxes some in open sunlight Measure height daily
49
How to alter germination experiment to show geotropism
Stand dish on the side to observe downward growing
50
How to alter germination experiment to show phototropism
Make a hole in the box for light to enter to observe shoot growth Measure height daily Shoots will bend towards the light
51
What is the independent variable
What you change
52
What is the dependant variable
What you measure
53
What is the control variable
What is kept constant

Biology (19 decks)

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